元认知意识与间隔判断过度自信的关系

Darci E Klein, Ari L. Cunningham, E. Buchanan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

做出判断是日常生活的重要组成部分,对这些判断过于自信会导致严重的后果。影响过度自信的两个潜在因素是元认知意识,或对自己学习的意识,以及难易效应,即过度自信在困难的任务中更为普遍,而自信心不足在容易的任务中更为普遍。总体而言,我们假设参与者的元认知意识与他们的过度自信水平显著相关。具体的假设是,那些表现出较高水平元认知意识的参与者将具有较低水平的过度自信,更难的问题将引起较高水平的过度自信,容易的问题将引起缺乏自信(与难易效应一致),并且下限和上限平均相等,准确的估计为中点。参与者(N = 49)完成了一份包含一组难易常识问题的调查问卷,随后是元认知意识量表。元认知意识与自信在难问题上呈负相关,在易问题上呈正相关。此外,简单问题的范围较小,导致过度自信,而困难问题的范围较大,导致信心不足,从而与我们的预期假设相反。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How Metacognitive Awareness Relates to Overconfidence in Interval Judgments
Making judgments is an important part of everyday life, and overconfidence in these judgments can lead to serious consequences. Two potential factors influencing overconfidence are metacognitive awareness, or the awareness of one’s own learning, and the hard-easy effect, which states that overconfidence is more prevalent in difficult tasks while underconfidence is more prevalent in easy tasks. Overall, we hypothesized that participants’ metacognitive awareness would significantly relate to their overconfidence levels. Specific hypotheses were that those participants who display higher levels of metacognitive awareness will have lower levels of overconfidence, that harder questions will elicit higher levels of overconfidence and easy questions will elicit underconfidence (congruent with the hard-easy effect), and that the lower range and upper range will on average be equal, with the exact estimate as the midpoint. Participants (N = 49) completed a questionnaire containing a set of hard and easy general knowledge questions followed by the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. The correlation between metacognitive awareness and confidence was negative for hard questions and positive for easy questions. Furthermore, the ranges for easy questions were smaller, resulting in more overconfidence, and the ranges for the hard questions were larger, resulting in underconfidence, thus, showing the opposite of our expected hypotheses.
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