性别歧视及其对宏观经济发展的影响

Savitri Shrestha
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摘要

性别是指男性和女性身份的复杂社会建构。性和性别是不同的。生物的或物理的构造就是性,它是由自然创造的。性别纯粹是一种社会建构。性别平等是一个尚未实现的概念。在世界各地,由于各种因素,不同的个人和群体受到边缘化和歧视,但对妇女的歧视是普遍存在的。因此,妇女无法充分发挥其潜力或维护其健康生活的权利,这对经济发展产生了深刻影响。性别平等不仅是人权问题,也是经济发展的基础。性别不平等是社会经济发展、人力资本发展和创收的严重障碍。性别不平等不利于长期发展和增长。性别不平等绝不足以促进减贫和经济发展。性别歧视不仅影响女性,也影响男性。歧视性做法不仅影响个人,而且影响国家经济和整个世界经济。由于陈规定型的分工,大多数男子负担过重的经济责任,而妇女则只限于家务劳动。世界人口的50%背负着过重的经济负担,而大脑的50%没有得到充分利用。女性所做的家务劳动的经济价值没有被计算和反映在一个国家的经济中。这降低了女性的努力和工作,也是国家经济的损失。教育与发展齐头并进,要实现更好的性别平衡,必须实现教育平等。教育是促进人力资本发展的关键因素,人力资本是经济增长的保障。正规的教育、培训和学习计划提高了个人过上体面生活的能力,这是发展的基础。性别本身永远不足以促进发展。性别平等不仅是人权问题,也是经济发展的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gender Discrimination and Its Impacts in Macro-Economic Development
Gender refers to the complex social construction of men’s and women’s identities. Sex and gender are different. The biological or physical construction is sex, which is created by nature. Gender is  purely a social construct. Gender Equality is a concept that is yet to be materialized. Around the world different individuals and groups of people are marginalized and discriminated on the basis of various factors, but discrimination against women is universal. Due to this, women are not able to use their full potential or assert their rights to live healthy life, and it has a deep impact in economic development. Gender equality is not only matter of human right but also basic of economic development. Gender inequality is a severe obstacle to socio-economic development, human capital development and income generation. Gender inequality is harmful to long term development and growth. Unequal gender will never alone be sufficient for poverty reduction and economic development. Gender discrimination not only affects females but males as well. The discriminatory practices do not only affect individuals but national economy and world economy as a whole. Due to stereotypical division of work most men are over loaded with economic duties, while women are being limited to household works only. Fifty per cent of the world population is over-loaded with economic duties, while fifty per cent of the brain is underutilized. The economic value of the household work which is done by females is not calculated and reflected in a country’s economy. This devalues the effort and work done by females and also is loss for the national economy. Education and development goes together, for a better balance of gender, educational equality is must. Education is key factor to promote human capital, which ensures economic growth. Formal education, trainings, study programs improves the capacity of individuals to live a decent life, which is the basic of development. Gender will never alone be sufficient for development. Gender equality is not only matter of human right but also basis of economic development.
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