东方化女性气质:乌克兰现代主义文学中的不洁观念

A. Averbuch
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文探讨了在欧洲厌女症和种族恐惧症的背景下,乌克兰现代主义文学中女性与民族差异性的相互联系。它展示了女性罪恶的异类、不洁和不忠是如何在厌女意象中得到巩固的,在厌女意象中,女性通过性别和文化差异表现为女巫和异端的诱惑者。东欧东方化的族群——典型的犹太人、罗姆人和鞑靼人——的异化也涉及到他们概念上的女性化。具体来说,本文分析了斯拉夫/东正教/男性“种族”的衰落,以及在乌克兰现代主义文学中发现的伴随的比喻和观念的范围,例如阉割,独身,以及对“污染”血液的痴迷,这反映了“种族”焦虑,这种焦虑与女性在精神和身体衰退中扮演的女性角色的厌恶思想密切相关。这项研究仔细阅读了奥尔哈·科比连斯卡、米哈伊洛·亚茨基夫和纳塔利娅·利维茨卡-霍洛德娜的作品,在这些作品中,女性以恶魔-吸血鬼、异端的诱惑者和异端的女祭司的形象出现,她们威胁着现代主义时代以男性为中心的种族文化。东方化的女性气质及其给乌克兰现代主义带来的矛盾心理,包含了民族宗教恐惧和固有的罪恶,这些恐惧和罪恶包含了对蛇蝎女性的传统描述,以及堕落天使和诱人的通奸者等相关人物——道德、性、民族和宗教越轨的起点,这总是暗示着父权制和生殖能力的危机。分析集中在罪和罪性的三个主题方面:诱惑、异端和背叛。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ORIENTALIZING FEMININITY: NOTIONS OF IMPURITY IN UKRAINIAN MODERNIST LITERATURE
The paper examines the interconnectedness of feminity with ethnonational otherness in Ukrainian modernist literature in the context of European misogyny and ethnophobia. It demonstrates how the representation of female sinful otherness, impurity, and disloyalty was cemented in misogynistic imagery, in which women appeared as witches and heterodox temptresses through sexual and cultural differentiation. The otherizing of Orientalized ethnic groups in Eastern Europe — typically Jews, Roma, and Tatars — involved their conceptual feminization as well. Specifically, the paper analyzes the topic of the decay of the Slavic/Orthodox/masculine ‘race’ and the range of concomitant tropes and ideas found in Ukrainian modernist literature, such as castration, celibacy, and obsession with ‘tainted’ blood, which reflected ‘racial’ anxieties that went hand in hand with misogynistic ideas of the feminine role in spiritual and physical decline. The study performs close readings of works by Olha Kobylianska, Mykhailo Yatskiv, and Natalia Livytska-Kholodna, in which women appear as demonic-vampiric, heterodox seductresses and heresiarchesses, who threaten to ruin the ethno-androcentric culture of the modernist epoch. Orientalized femininity and the ambivalence it brought to Ukrainian modernism harbored the ethnoreligious fears and inherent sinfulness that encompassed traditional descriptions of the femme fatale, as well as such associated figures as the fallen angel and seductive adulteress – the initiatrix of moral, sexual, national, and religious transgression, which invariably alluded to a perceived crisis in patriarchy and reproductivity. The analysis focuses on the three thematic aspects of sin and sinfulness: temptation, heterodoxy, and betrayal.
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