Changing Childbirth in Twenty-First-Century South Asia

This introduction sets out why childbirth is a salient and timely issue for South Asia—for example, continuing, relatively high maternal and child mortality rates; growing health inequities within the countries; and new and unprecedented government schemes. It discusses the old challenges and new paradoxes of childbirth in South Asia in a global context, by reviewing the main turning points of state policies of four South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh) over the last century. After offering an overview of some main policy reforms, the introduction explores the ambivalent effects of the introduction of new obstetrical technologies (including institutional practices) and the medicalization of childbirth. A third section reflects on the scope and the importance of rights-based approaches in maternal healthcare. The chapter concludes by explaining the structure of the book and briefly introducing each chapter.