用于太空的管式硝化器的流体力学和生物相互作用

K. Pickering, E. Ungar, L. Vega, M. Campbell
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摘要

目前正在研究将生物工艺用于航天器废水处理。在生物废水处理机中,微生物用于将有机和无机污染物降解为二氧化碳、水和其他代谢产物。这个过程的一个步骤是硝化作用,在这个过程中,废水流中的铵离子转化为硝酸盐离子。传统的硝化反应器设计,包括连续搅拌槽式反应器和滴滤器,由于依赖重力曝气,不适合在航天器上使用。一种用于微重力环境下好氧硝化的管式反应器已被开发出来,允许在航天器上使用生物系统进行废水处理。管式反应器采用长305 m的内径3.2 mm管,空气和废水共流。需氧微生物生长在管壁上。由于管道直径小,废水的表面张力高,空气/废水流动是重力无关的。因此,预计在地球正常重力和飞行中的流体流动和生物性能将是相同的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fluid Mechanics and Biological Interaction in a Tubular Nitrifier Designed for Use in Space
Biological processes are currently being investigated for use in spacecraft wastewater treatment. In a biological wastewater processor, microorganisms are used to degrade organic and inorganic contaminants to carbon dioxide, water, and other metabolic products. One step in the process is nitrification, in which ammonium ions in the wastewater stream are converted to nitrate ions. Traditional reactor designs for nitrification, which include continuously stirred tank reactors and trickling filters, are unsuitable for use on spacecraft due to their reliance on gravity for aeration. A tubular reactor for aerobic nitrification in a microgravity environment has been developed to allow use of biological systems for wastewater treatment on spacecraft. The tubular reactor uses a 3.2 mm ID tube 305 m long with co-current air and wastewater flow. Aerobic microbes grow on the tube walls. Because of the small tube diameter and the high surface tension of the wastewater, the air/wastewater flow is gravity independent. Thus it is expected that the fluid flow and biological performance will be identical in Earth-normal gravity and in flight.
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