超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)作为生物医学所需的高分子材料

Assma Said
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引用次数: 1

摘要

任何用作植入材料的材料都要与身体协调一致,这一点非常重要。每种材料都有缺点。不管有多好,因为没有什么能和天然人体组织完全一样。人体在恒温37°C和pH值7.25的环境中工作,因此材料的选择必须能够承受这些条件。不正确的使用材料会引起身体排斥,感染甚至癌症,导致患者更多的痛苦和不适。反过来,可能会进一步损害关节。植入物必须以与它所取代的身体部位相同的方式工作——需要清楚地了解关节是如何工作的。超高分子量聚乙烯被认为是人造关节的标准材料,以减少总重量和磨损率,使其更灵活。这就是超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)成为一种合适的聚合物的原因。它非常广泛地用于全髋关节和膝关节置换,具有目前已知的最高冲击强度的任何热塑性塑料,可以高度耐受磨损,并且具有非常低的摩擦系数。因此,这些性能,加上极低的吸湿性,使超高分子量聚乙烯成为医疗行业的特殊材料,因为它具有良好的工业冲击和耐磨滑动应用。移动关节,没有自然润滑摩擦会破坏。在植入部件中不存在这种情况,但超高分子量聚乙烯具有自润滑性,使其成为髋臼杯等部件的理想材料,髋臼杯可以包裹在髋关节的金属股骨头上。超高分子量聚乙烯具有高冲击强度、高韧性、低弹性模量等优点,但其抗拉强度、横向强度和抗压强度低,蠕变率高。本文综述了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的历史,其材料特性使其成为全关节的理想候选材料,植入物-组件制造程序,并提供了一些植入物最终失败的原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight-Polyethylene (UHMWPE) as Desired Polymer Material for Biomedical
It is very important that any materials used as implant material work in harmony with the body. There will be drawback with every material. No matter how good, as nothing can be 100% identical as the natural human tissue. The body operates in an environment at a constant temperature of 37°C and pH of 7.25, so choice of materials will have to withstand these conditions. Incorrect use of material can cause rejection by the body, infection and even cancer, leading to more pain and discomfort by the patient. In turn the possibility of even further damage to the joint. The implant must work in the same way as the body part it is replacing- clear understanding of how the joint works is needed. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is considered as the standard material for Artificial joints to decrease the total weight and the wear rate to make it more flexible. This is what makes Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight-Polyethylene (UHMWPE) such an appropriate polymer. It is very widely used in total hip and knee joint replacements having the highest known impact strength of any thermoplastic presently made, can highly withstand abrasion, and has a very low coefficient of friction. Therefore, these properties, connected with extremely low moisture absorption, make UHMWPE especial material for the medical industry due to good industrial impact and wear resistance sliding applications. For moving joints, the friction would be damaging without the natural lubrication. In implant components this does not exist, however UHMWPE is self-lubricating, making it ideal for component such as an acetabular cup, which would wrap around a metallic femoral head in a hip joint. Also, UHMWPE has high impact strength, high toughness, and low elastic modulus, but it has disadvantages such as low tensile, transverse and compressive strengths with high creep rate. This review article deals with the history of UHMWPE, its material properties that make it an ideal candidate for total joints, implant-component fabrication procedures and provides insights as to why some of the implants eventually fail.
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