Local Density Estimation of Antenna Units Using The Kernel Density

The local density of the antenna units is estimated using the kernel density. The topology of an antenna array determines its performance. It is mentioned by researches that pseudo-random antenna arrays have better characters such as low side lobe levels and low grating lobes. However, when designing a pseudo-random array, it is still necessary to maintain all areas of the antenna array have the similar local density to get a symmetric antenna array pattern. Local density estimation results using the kernel density are continuous in the whole antenna array area (1-dimensional line or 2-dimensional plane). In the uniform distribution area, there is no gradient, as for the non-uniform area, the gradient points to the relative dense area. So, the estimated local density results using kernel density will be instructive when using the gradient decent method to optimize an antenna array. A 2-dimensional antenna array is simulated, and the units' local density and gradient of it is calculated using the local density method. A distort array is simulated and homogenized according to the gradience of its local density. Imaging results of the distort and the homogenized array are also given to show the significance maintaining the homogeneity of the array.