Evaluation of selected diagnostic biomarkers with cardiovascular and nephrotic complications in diabetic Egyptian males

Diabetes is well-known disease for its complication and increasing population over time, therefore new methods for complication assessment should be found. The aim of this study is to determine levels of nesfatin-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in Egyptian type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with and without complications, their assessment as possible markers in tracing diabetes progression in addition to finding a correlation between these three parameters. Sixty-seven Egyptian male patients were divided into three groups as follows: 25 with T2DM without any complication, 22 with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 20 patients with diabetic cardiovascular complications (DC). Nesfatin-1, vWF, NAG, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), HOMA-β (Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function) were all determined using ELISA technique , while the fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile and the kidney parameters were analyzed using the biochemistry system, results were compared to 19 healthy controls with same age. Correlation studies were done between all the studied parameters. All diabetic patients showed a significant increase compared to control in the following parameters: (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1C ), HOMA-IR, serum urea, serum creatinine, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), atherogenic indices. Significant decrease was seen in HOMA-β, meanwhile LDL-C and HDL-C showed no statistical significance change compared to control. The studied parameters nesfatin-1 and vWF showed statistical significance increase with all diabetic groups, while NAG showed significance increase only with (DN). In conclusions, there was direct correlations between (nesfatin-1 and HOMA-β), (vWF and ACR) and (HbA 1C and FBG). No correlation was found between the three studied parameters, however these three markers showed significant increase relative to control where nesfatin-1, vWF can be used in tracing of both complications (DN and DC), and NAG can be used only in tracing of DN.