Biological sequestrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide with strategies to enhance storage of the gas.

Abstract This chapter discusses the two processes involved in biological sequestration (i.e. the oceanic sequestration through fertilization and terrestrial sequestration) and describes the role of plants as natural carbon sinks. The use of genetic engineering approaches to enhance phytosequestration of carbon dioxide and the sustainability of this method are also discussed. Biological sequestration strategies have the potential to tackle elevated carbon levels. But as each has its drawbacks, more than one strategy needs to be employed to achieve mitigation. Several examples of genetic engineering that target this process not only can enhance carbon sequestration but also increase the yield of crops. Social and practical issues stand in the way of the widespread cultivation of transgenics, especially in developing countries. With time, the advantages of genetic engineering might overcome these problems. The ideas proposed with regard to genetic engineering are currently only at the initial stage of study. Further research is suggested to achieve optimal integration of transgenic proteins in higher plant systems.