VHS to VRML: 3D graphical models from video sequences

We describe a method to completely automatically recover 3D scene structure together with a camera for each frame from a sequence of images acquired by an unknown camera undergoing unknown movement. Previous approaches have used calibration objects or landmarks to recover this information, and are therefore often limited to a particular scale. The approach of this paper is far more general, since the "landmarks" are derived directly from the imaged scene texture. The method can be applied to a large class of scenes and motions, and is demonstrated for sequences of interior and exterior scenes using both controlled-motion and hand-held cameras. We demonstrate two applications of this technology. The first is the construction of 3D graphical models of the scene; the second is the insertion of virtual objects into the original image sequence. Other applications include image compression and frame interpolation.