Inclusion and Consensus

The main theme of this chapter is the tension between an inclusive body embracing a variety of groups, preferences, and interests, on one side, and the need for consensus, on the other. The chapter explores methods of harmonizing both objectives through several institutional approaches. In doing this, it examines critically the meaning of “sufficient consensus” as implemented in the Northern Ireland and South African processes. It also considers the utility of adopting a minimalist constitution if consensus proves to be elusive, and it examines the serious consequences of failures of inclusion and failures of consensus.