{"title":"学习情境中的“超常”。","authors":"J A Hogan, J P Kruijt, J H Frijlink","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four pigeons were trained to peck at a 37-spot stimulus for food. While this training continued, two of the pigeons received extinction training to a 21-spot stimulus and the other two received extinction training to a plain white stimulus. In a subsequent generalization test of stimuli which varied in number of spots, pigeons extinguished on the 21-spot stimulus responded most to the 52- and 69-spot stimuli. This \"peak shift\" in responding is functionally similar to \"supernormality\" seen in the egg-retrieval responses of gulls. Possible causes of these two phenomena are discussed and compared.</p>","PeriodicalId":76861,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie","volume":"38 2","pages":"212-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"\\\"Supernormality\\\" in a learning situation.\",\"authors\":\"J A Hogan, J P Kruijt, J H Frijlink\",\"doi\":\"\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Four pigeons were trained to peck at a 37-spot stimulus for food. While this training continued, two of the pigeons received extinction training to a 21-spot stimulus and the other two received extinction training to a plain white stimulus. In a subsequent generalization test of stimuli which varied in number of spots, pigeons extinguished on the 21-spot stimulus responded most to the 52- and 69-spot stimuli. This \\\"peak shift\\\" in responding is functionally similar to \\\"supernormality\\\" seen in the egg-retrieval responses of gulls. Possible causes of these two phenomena are discussed and compared.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":76861,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie\",\"volume\":\"38 2\",\"pages\":\"212-8\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1975-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Four pigeons were trained to peck at a 37-spot stimulus for food. While this training continued, two of the pigeons received extinction training to a 21-spot stimulus and the other two received extinction training to a plain white stimulus. In a subsequent generalization test of stimuli which varied in number of spots, pigeons extinguished on the 21-spot stimulus responded most to the 52- and 69-spot stimuli. This "peak shift" in responding is functionally similar to "supernormality" seen in the egg-retrieval responses of gulls. Possible causes of these two phenomena are discussed and compared.
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