A Review on Materials and Methods for the Fabrication of Microcavity Laser

Optical microcavities are resonators that have at least one dimension on the order of a single optical wavelength. These structures enable one to control the optical emission properties of materials placed inside them. One of their most dramatic potential features is threshold-less lasing,unlike the conventional lasers. This is possible due to 2D monolayers, Heterostructures, Hybrid materials which are used as active layers for polariton-exciton strong coupling. In this review paper, a different method of Microcavity laser fabrication is reviewed, where a different type of active materials is utilized to improve the laser efficiency. Materials such as WS2, MoS2, WSe2 and MoSe2are used due to their strong exciton binding energy. These use high reflecting DBR mirrors fabricated using oxides of a higher refractive index such as SiO2, NbO2, HfO2/Al2O3, SiO2/Ta2O5 and SiO2/TiO2. In this way, the controlled spontaneous emission is expected to play a vital role in a new generation of optical devices and can have a wide range of applications in Optics, Quantum computing, high-speed signal transmission, etc.