Evolution of standardization and interoperability on E-learning systems: An overview

The standards of content and e-learning structure are established to ensure the interoperability of e-learning systems so that access to sources of information such as content reuse or discrimination of subjects from different sources at different times are possible. This article presents the progress and evolution on the standardization and interoperability of the content of e-learning systems. Basically, it focuses specifically on the most widespread and emerging e-learning standards of organizations that are well known and are helping to ensure interoperability, reuse and maintain high quality content when an exchange thus transfer data between e-learning systems and applications. In this context, several organizations (IEEE, AICC, IMS, ADL, DCMI, OUN) and others that have been developed standards and specifications. This paper focuses on four organizations, each of which plays a role in the development of E-learning standards interoperability. For this study, we first tried to provide a detailed timeline for each standard that will provide an overview containing a well-crafted description of standards, specifications such as (SCORM, xAPI) for ADL, Caliper for IMS, their guidelines and define their strengths and weaknesses. We also talk about a recent collaborative project between organizations that have been developed by AICC and ADL such as CMI-5. Finally, a discussion on the evolution of interoperability standards for E-learning and its impact on the platforms of higher education and their perspectives with the new technologies such as mobile learning is presented.