儿童和青少年共情、同情和亲社会行为发展的社会化过程

Turhan Şengönül
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本章探讨了儿童和青少年共情、同情和亲社会行为发展的社会化过程。民主或权威的社会化实践有助于亲社会发展。父母的支持、温暖和敏感、父母的诱导和归纳推理、父母的要求和控制与儿童和青少年的同理心、同情和行为有关。父母的温暖/回应可以在父母和孩子之间建立一种安全的依恋。在社会化过程中,安全型依恋儿童倾向于响应父母的控制,更渴望学习和亲社会。父母可以通过模仿和关心他人的需要来培养孩子的行为。父母可以通过归纳推理和解释指出他们的行为的有益或有害的后果,从而诱导孩子和青少年的换位思考、同理心和同情心。父母的归纳推理和解释可以通过强调儿童和青少年的偏离行为对受害者的后果而导致他们基于同理心的内疚。在社会化实践中,当父母表现出热情、响应性和支持性行为时,儿童和青少年可以注意和关心父母的信息,内化父母的亲社会价值观,通过社会化获得亲社会行为,并对儿童和青少年进行归纳推理和解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Socialization Processes toward Children and Adolescents for Developing Empathy, Sympathy and Prosocial Behaviors
This chapter addresses the socialization processes for the development of empathy, sym- pathy and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents. Democratic or authoritative socialization practices contribute to prosocial development. Parental support, warmth and sensitivity, parental induction and inductive reasoning, parental demandingness and control have been associated with empathy, sympathy and behavior in children and adolescents. Parental warmth/responsiveness can develop a secure attachment between the parent and the child. Securely attached children tend to be responsive to parental controls and more eager learners and prosocial during the socialization process. Parents may foster behavior in children by modeling and concerning for the needs of others. Parents may induce perspective-taking, empathy and sympathy in their children and adolescents by pointing out the beneficial or harmful consequences of their actions through inductive reasoning and explanations. Parental inductive reasoning and explanations can lead to empathy-based guilt in them by highlighting consequences of the devi- ating behavior in the children and adolescents for the victim. Children and adolescents can attend to and care about parental messages, internalize prosocial values of their parents, socialize to acquire prosocial behavior when parents behave warmly, responsively and supportively and use inductive reasoning and explanations for their children and adolescents in socialization practices.
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