基于伊斯兰教法、民法典、母系习俗和性别平等观点的印尼继承制度

Achmad Gusti Malayudha, Widya Sari, Angga Puja Asiandu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在本文中,作者讨论了印度尼西亚的继承制度。印度尼西亚的遗产分配制度以伊斯兰教法、民法典和习惯法为基础。另一方面,性别平等运动家们对以男女所得比例为基础的分配制度是否公正有自己的看法。通过讨论得知,印度尼西亚的遗产分配制度既有相似之处,也有不同之处。每一种制度都规定遗嘱人必须死亡,主要继承人与死者有血缘关系。在伊斯兰教法中,由于男性对家庭的责任,男性得到的比女性多,比例为2:1。同时,印尼民法典规定的男女比例是平等的。在米南卡堡母系习惯法中,作为一种基于母亲血统的制度,继承比例分为高继承和低继承。高的产业要归给女人,低的产业要由男女均分。然而,一些性别平等活动家可能认为这种比例是一种不公正的形式。但是,每一种制度都有其对正义的看法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
INDONESIAN INHERITANCE SYSTEM BASED ON ISLAMIC LAW, CIVIL CODE, MATRILINEAL CUSTOMS, AND GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVES
In this article, the author discussed the inheritance system in Indonesia. The inheritance distribution system in Indonesia is based on Islamic law, civil code, and customary law. On the other hand, gender equality activists have their perspectives regarding the justice of the distribution system based on the proportion received by men and women. Based on the discussion, it was known that there are similarities and differences among Indonesian inheritance distribution systems. Each of the systems regulates that the testator must die and the main heirs are blood-related to the decedent. In Islam law, men receive more than a woman with a ratio of  2:1 due to men’s responsibility to their family. Meanwhile, the proportion between men and women regulated by the Indonesian civil code is equal. In Minangkabau matrilineal customary law, as a system based on the mother's lineage, the proportion of inheritance is distinguished between high inheritance and low inheritance. The high inheritance will be given to the woman and the low inheritance will be shared equally between men and women. However, some gender equality activists might see those proportions as a form of injustice. But, each of the systems has its perspective regarding justice.
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