轴承-螺栓支护技术在乌克兰煤矿条件下的发展与应用

O. Krukovskyi, V. Krukovska, L. Adorska, Yu.Yu. Bulich
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The methods of researching the state of the rock around the mine working with roof bolts, which were developed by the authors, were used during the calculations. Results. The mechanism of formation of a rock-bolt support and a reinforced arch in the mine roof was studied. The conditions and parameters of formation of the following elements in the roof-bolting construction are substantiated: load-bearing and backing-up parts of the arch, supports of the arch, a base of the structure and protective “bridges”. Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the host rocks was completed when various elements of the roof-bolting construction were used. Graphs of the relative heaving of the mine work floor were constructed. In order to study the influence of the speed of the mine working advance and the distance between the first row of bolts and the mine working face on the mine working stability, simulations were performed for various technological schemes. The dependence of changes in roof displacements on these technological parameters was obtained: decreasing the distance between the first row of bolts and the mine face and increasing the speed of the mine working advance lead to a decrease in rock displacements and an increase in the stability of the mine working. Scientific novelty. A new method of calculating the parameters of the stress state of the host rock and the roof-bolting construction during the technological cycles of bolts setting was developed. This method takes into account that during each cycle the host rock is unloading from the rock pressure and that the bolts start to work at a certain point in time. Methods of erecting roof-bolting constructions using various elements were developed and confirmed by patents. Practical significance. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。为发展乌克兰煤矿条件下的轴承锚杆支护技术,确定锚杆支护施工中各构件的形成参数,建立矿井工作轮廓位移与矿井掘进支护技术参数的依赖关系。研究方法。为了研究顶板锚杆设置工艺周期中矿山周围围岩应力状态的变化过程,建立了数学弹塑性模型。该模型考虑了锚杆参数、采矿参数、岩石性质以及锚杆启动的时间和地点等因素。采用有限元法对该问题进行了求解。计算中采用了作者提出的顶板锚杆工作面围岩状态研究方法。结果。研究了顶板锚杆支护与加固拱的形成机理。确定了锚杆锚固施工中以下构件的形成条件和参数:拱的承重和支承部分、拱的支撑部分、结构的基础和保护“桥梁”。对采用锚杆支护各单元时围岩的应力-应变状态进行了数值模拟。建立了矿井工作面相对隆起图。为了研究矿山掘进速度和第一排锚杆距矿山工作面距离对矿山工作稳定性的影响,对各种工艺方案进行了模拟。得到了顶板位移变化与这些工艺参数的关系:减小第一排锚杆与工作面之间的距离,提高矿山掘进速度,可以减小岩石位移,提高矿山掘进的稳定性。科学的新奇。提出了一种计算锚杆支护工艺周期中围岩应力状态参数和锚杆支护施工参数的新方法。该方法考虑了在每个循环过程中,主岩处于卸压状态,锚杆在某一时间点开始工作。利用各种元件建立锚杆结构的方法得到了专利的开发和确认。现实意义。在乌克兰的52个矿山中采用锚杆支护结构,使矿山在采矿和地质条件困难的情况下保持稳定状态,并由于降低了矿山作业和维修的费用,取得了很大的经济效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE BEARING-BOLT SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINIAN COAL MINES
Purpose. To substantiate the parameters of formation of elements in the roof-bolting construction and to establish the dependence of displacements of the mine working contour on the technological parameters of mine working driving and supporting for development of the bearing-bolt supporting technology in the conditions of Ukrainian coal mines. Research methods. To study the process of changing the stress state of host rocks around the mine working during the technological cycle of setting of roof bolts, a mathematical elastoplastic model was developed. This model takes into account roof bolts parameters, mining parameters, rock properties, as well as the time and place of the start of roof bolting. The problem was solved using the finite element method. The methods of researching the state of the rock around the mine working with roof bolts, which were developed by the authors, were used during the calculations. Results. The mechanism of formation of a rock-bolt support and a reinforced arch in the mine roof was studied. The conditions and parameters of formation of the following elements in the roof-bolting construction are substantiated: load-bearing and backing-up parts of the arch, supports of the arch, a base of the structure and protective “bridges”. Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the host rocks was completed when various elements of the roof-bolting construction were used. Graphs of the relative heaving of the mine work floor were constructed. In order to study the influence of the speed of the mine working advance and the distance between the first row of bolts and the mine working face on the mine working stability, simulations were performed for various technological schemes. The dependence of changes in roof displacements on these technological parameters was obtained: decreasing the distance between the first row of bolts and the mine face and increasing the speed of the mine working advance lead to a decrease in rock displacements and an increase in the stability of the mine working. Scientific novelty. A new method of calculating the parameters of the stress state of the host rock and the roof-bolting construction during the technological cycles of bolts setting was developed. This method takes into account that during each cycle the host rock is unloading from the rock pressure and that the bolts start to work at a certain point in time. Methods of erecting roof-bolting constructions using various elements were developed and confirmed by patents. Practical significance. The use of roof-bolting constructions in 52 mines of Ukraine made it possible to achieve a stable state of mine workings in difficult mining and geological conditions and to obtain a great economic effect due to the reduction of costs for operation and repair of mine workings.
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