Management Knowledge Assets: A Review of the Models Used to Measure and Report Intellectual Capital

Contemporary organisations in both public and private sector are often examined not only in terms of their core functional business but also in how they have adapted to a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. As such, knowledge-based assets are considered as a source of sustainable advantage. The magnitude of change in the proportion of value creation by these intangible investments has caused a paradigm shift and the recognition of an increasingly important role for intellectual capital (IC). There is also a growing interest in developing business reporting models that are more comprehensive than that of traditional accounting-based reporting, which has been shown to be inadequate to report the value of intellectual capital. Researchers and academics have attempted to build models for IC reporting. In this paper, eleven IC measurement models are critically reviewed and a framework of IC valuation and reporting based on capabilities is suggested. The capabilities enhanced by IC could be reported in combination with the tangible assets in an IC capability balance sheet. The IC capability model offers a clear starting point for a new thinking in evaluating intangible assets as a firm business resource.