Optimal and suboptimal estimation in differential PCM and adaptive predictive coding systems

Both differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and adaptive predictive coding (APC) systems have been used somewhat successfully for low data rate digital voice transmission. A DPCM system has as its goal the removal of signal redundancy prior to transmission by a linear prediction of the incoming signal with a weighted combination of past signal estimates. The error in the prediction process is then quantized and transmitted to the receiver. An identical prediction loop is used at the receiver to reinsert the redundancy, and hence, to reconstruct the speech signal. Both the quantizer and predictor may or may not be adaptive.