d区电离层的非线性多波束相互作用

R. Moore, S. Fujimaru, D. Kotovsky
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摘要

只提供摘要形式。本文介绍了在高频主动极光研究计划(HAARP)天文台进行的多波束高频加热实验中ELF/VLF波产生的实验观测结果。这些实验的主要目的是促进对碰撞d区电离层内发生的非线性吸收过程的科学理解。在2012年2月、5月和8月的HAARP活动中,设计了一系列多波束HF传输,以产生ELF/VLF范围内的间谐波调制产品。实验使用多种同时在ELF/VLF频率间隔的2至6频高频传输进行。例如,为了产生频率为3,248,485 Hz, 3,251,515 Hz和3,250,200 Hz的三频实验,阵列的一半广播以3.25 MHz (x模式)为中心,调制频率为1515 Hz的STF调制格式,而阵列的另一半广播3.250200 MHz (x模式)的CW。在极光电喷流的存在下,这种传输格式如预期的那样产生了1315 Hz、1715 Hz和3030 Hz的ELF/VLF音调。此外,为了通过三次非线性产生极低频波,阵列的一半以2,750,250 Hz广播,另一半以5,499,500 Hz广播,产生1000 Hz的极低频波。采用不同的高频频率、不同的调制频率和不同的高频功率水平重复实验。在2012年5月和8月的实验中,为了实现到达时间信号处理,对传输施加了频率时间变化。将实验观测结果与考虑各场分量间谐波混合的多波束HF加热模型的初步结果进行了比较。我们证明,如果不考虑高频波二次谐波处发生的电子温度振荡,并不是所有的观测(特别是三次非线性生成方法的观测)都可以解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nonlinear multi-beam interactions in the D-region ionosphere
Summary form only given. This paper presents experimental observations of ELF/VLF wave generation performed during multi-beam HF heating experiments at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) observatory. The primary objective of these experiments is to advance the scientific understanding of the nonlinear absorption processes occurring within the collisional D-region ionosphere. During the February, May, and August 2012 HAARP campaigns, a series of multi-beam HF transmissions were designed to produce inter-harmonic modulation products in the ELF/VLF range. Experiments were performed using a variety of simultaneous 2- to 6-frequency HF transmissions spaced at ELF/VLF frequencies. For instance, in order to generate the 3-frequency experiment using frequencies of 3,248,485 Hz, 3,251,515 Hz, and 3,250,200 Hz, one half of the array broadcast a synthesized-two-frequency (STF) modulation format centered on 3.25 MHz (X-mode) with a modulation frequency of 1515 Hz while the other half of the array broadcast CW at 3.250200 MHz (X-mode). In the presence of the auroral electrojet, this transmission format generated ELF/VLF tones at 1315 Hz, and 1715 Hz, and 3030 Hz, as expected. Additionally, in order to generate ELF waves by the cubic nonlinearity, one half of the array broadcast at 2,750,250 Hz while the other half broadcast at 5,499,500 Hz, generating ELF waves at 1000 Hz. These experiment were repeated using different HF frequencies, different modulation frequencies, and different HF power levels. During the May and August 2012 experiments, a frequency-time variation was imposed on the transmissions in order to enable time-of-arrival signal processing. Experimental observations are compared with the initial results of a multi-beam HF heating model that accounts for inter-harmonic mixing among the various field components. We demonstrate that not all observations (particularly those for the cubic nonlinearity generation method) can be explained without accounting for the electron temperature oscillations that occur at the second harmonic of the HF waves.
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