Health education needs and demands for primary and middle school students in Guiyang

Objective To understand the health education demands of primary and middle school students in Guiyang. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey for 5 540 students in grades 3-9 in Guiyang. Results The report rate of dental caries decreases with the increase of school age ( P <0.05), and the reporting rate of myopia and the appearance of sexual development characteristics increases with the increase of school age ( P <0.05). Proportion of middle and primary school students who could get enough sleep every day (17.6% and 22.0%) and one hour of outdoor activities every day (13.9% and 20.9%) was relatively low.The proportion of graduating students with running away from home and suicide/self-injury ideas/plans and behaviors was higher than other grades in the same school period ( P <0.05) .The proportion of middle school female students who have thoughts/plans of running away from home, suicidal/self-injury plans and behaviors was higher than that of male students.Students with greater academic pressure, fewer friends, and lack of communication with their parents were more likely to have thoughts/plans or behaviors of running away from home and suicide/self-harm ( P <0.05). There were 4 600 students (83.3%) who expressed the demands for health education.School was the primary source of health knowledge for students, with the class meetings accounted for the most practices. Health education on healthy behaviors and lifestyles were highly expected. Conclusion The health education demands of primary and middle school students in Guiyang show age-and sex-specific characteristics. Health education should follow the physical and psychological development characteristics of students and adapt to the needs of students. 【摘要】 目的 了解贵阳市中小学生健康教育需求, 为促进中小学健康教育提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群 随机抽样, 对贵阳市三至九年级的 5 540 名学生进行问卷调査。 结果 龋齿报告率在中小学生中随学龄的增加而降低 ( P < 0.05), 近视和出现性发育特征的报告率随学龄的增加而升髙 ( P <0.05); 中、小学生能做到每天有充足的睡眠 (17.6%和 22.0%) 和每天户外活动 1 h (13.9%和20.9%)的比例相对较低；中小学女生能做到早晚刷牙的比例均髙于男生 ( P <0.05), 中学男生能做到每天吃早餐、每天有充足的睡眠、每天户外活动 1 h 的比例均髙于女生 ( P 值均<0.05)。毕业年级学生有 离家出走和自杀/自伤意念/计划和行为的比例髙于相同学段其他年级 ( P 值均<0.05); 初中女生有离家出走的意念/计划 (35.8%)、自杀/自伤的意念/计划 (25.6%) 和行为 (5.5%)的比例均髙于男生 (28.0%, 16.6% 和 1.3%) ( P 值均<0.05); 学业 压力较大、好朋友数量较少、与父母缺乏沟通的中小学生更容易有离家出走和自杀/自伤的意念/计划或行为 ( P 值均< 0.05)。希望接受健康教育的学生有 4 600 名 (83.3%), 中小学生认为现有健康知识来源占比最髙的均为学校, 希望获取健 康知识的途径占比最髙的均为班会, 希望获取的健康知识内容占比最髙的均为健康行为与生活方式, 性知识在中小学生中 的意愿报告率均最低。 结论 贵阳市中小学生的健康教育需求表现出不同的学龄与性别特征。健康教育应遵循学生身心 发育特点, 与学生的需求相适应。