多语言国家临床伦理学的发展:挑战与机遇

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI:10.5167/UZH-8083
S. Hurst, S. Reiter-Theil, R. Baumann‐hölzle, C. Foppa, R. Malacrida, G. Bosshard, M. Salathé, A. Mauron
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引用次数: 6

摘要

瑞士在临床伦理委员会和咨询服务方面的经验是相对较新的发展。在2002年的一项调查中,当提供临床病例咨询的伦理委员会首次被确定时,只有18%的瑞士医院报告了临床伦理委员会。然而,其中84%的人报告提供案例咨询。已知最早的临床伦理委员会于1988年在德语区的一家精神病院成立。法国法语区的两个最古老的临床伦理委员会成立于1994年,位于两家主要的教学医院(1)。2004年,只有16%的医生报告说,他们可以就个别病例进行伦理咨询(2)。伦理咨询服务源于当地的需求,具有当地决定的结构和流程。在这些服务之间建立网络的尝试是摘要-法语和德语摘要见第23页。背景:临床伦理委员会和咨询服务是瑞士的一个新发展。这些服务产生于当地感知到的需求,具有当地确定的结构和流程。它们在2002年的一项调查中首次被列出,2004年举行了第一次全国临床伦理委员会会议。在这些服务之间建立桥梁和网络的尝试是最近才开始的,但由于瑞士的多元文化和多语言结构,这种尝试变得更加困难。方法:我们描述了不同的临床伦理支持服务是如何在瑞士发展起来的,并概述了这些服务所基于的结构、语言和文化来源的多样性。结果:尽管在模式和过程上存在差异,但出现了共同的要素:对原则的依赖,公民参与,跨学科性,以及(隐性或显性)不愿过于严格地依赖严格的规则或过程进行伦理咨询。瑞士的多语言和多文化结构给建立全国网络带来了独特的困难。用三种不同的语言工作带来了在大多数其他国家不存在的后勤障碍。每种语言都有一个与医学伦理学相关的文献语料库,这些语料库与英语生物伦理学文献一起使用,在不同地区具有不同的突出程度。讨论与结论:这种环境使得建立国家临床伦理支持服务网络的尝试更加困难。然而,它也提供了可能是独特的机会。随着临床伦理作为一个整体继续面临挑战,协调的经验交流将变得越来越重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The growth of clinical ethics in a multilingual country: challenges and opportunities
The Swiss experience with clinical ethics committees and consultation services is a relatively recent development. When ethics committees offering clinical case consultation were first identified in a 2002 survey, only 18 % of Swiss hos- pitals reported a clinical ethics committee. However, 84 % of these reported offering case consultation. The oldest known clinical ethics committee was founded in 1988, at a psychiat- ric hospital in the German speaking region. The two oldest clinical ethics committees in the French speaking part of the country were founded in 1994, at two major teaching hospi- tals (1). In 2004, only 16 % of physicians reported access to ethics consultation for individual cases (2). Ethics consultation services grew out of locally perceived needs, with locally determined structures and processes. At- tempts at establishing networks between these services are Abstract _French and German abstracts see p. 23 Background: Clinical ethics committees and consultation services are a new development in Switzerland. These services grew out of locally perceived needs, with locally determined structures and processes. They were first listed in a 2002 survey, and the first national meeting of clinical ethics committees took place in 2004. Attempts at establishing bridges and networks between these services are very recent, and are made more difficult by the multi-cultural and multi-lingual structure of Switzerland. Method: We describe how different clinical ethics support services developed in Switzerland, and outline the diversity of structures, languages and cultural sources that these services are based on. Results: Despite differences in models and processes, common elements emerge: reliance on principlism, citizen involvement, interdisciplinarity, as well as the - implicit or explicit - reluctance to rely too strictly on rigid rules or processes for ethics consultation. The multi-lingual and multi-cultural structure of Switzerland results in unique difficulties in setting up a national network. Working in three different languages gives rise to logistical obstacles not present in most other countries. With each language also comes a literature corpus relevant to medical ethics, which is used alongside the English language bioethics literature with different degrees of salience in different regions. Discussion and Conclusion: This environment renders attempts to establish national networking for clinical ethics support services more difficult. However, it also presents what could be unique opportu- nities. Coordinated exchange of experience will grow in importance as challenges continue to face clinical ethics as a whole.
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