Optimal Utilization of Water for Smart Farming Using Internet of Things (IoT)

The agriculture is a very important sector of Indian economy. The farming is facing various challenges present days. The main problem faced in today’s agriculture by farmers is the lack of knowledge of the requirement of the water for the crops. The farmers provide the excess amount of the water or insufficient water for the crop. In this competitive world, farmers not only depend on farming for their livelihood, but also on other occupations. Hence, there may be disturbance in watering crops. This may lead to a decrease in water levels for the crops and sometimes excess water which may also lead to damage of the crop. To get rid of this problem, smart farming system is developed using Internet of Things (IoT). Using this, the farmer comes to know about the moisture content in his field through messages that will be received. Not only just a message, in a smart agriculture system he also can water the field automatically. The main advantage of this paper is that farmers need not to spend his time to decide how much water need for specific crops. Here, moisture sensors placed in the field with the predefined quantity of the water, programmed it with a keyword mois. When the moisture reaches or above the scale value, the motor gets automatically turned off and vice versa. A soil moisture sensor is used to calculate the moisture values in the soil and gives an input to the smart farming system, consists of ESP32 and the data obtained from the sensor is sent to the cloud. The thingspeak is used as cloud, where the data gets stored. The proposed system also updates the information regarding the status of moisture levels regularly with messages to the owner. Later, the website is designed using thingspeak URL and the messages are displayed in the website.