监测孕震区TIR异常的稳健卫星技术

C. Aliano, Giovanni Martinelli, C. Filizzola, N. Pergola, N. Genzano, V. Tramutoli
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引用次数: 7

摘要

基于热红外(TIR)卫星观测,以前的研究已经提出了几十年来TIR异常与地震活动之间的关系。其中,提出了一种鲁棒卫星数据分析技术(RST),该技术提供了基于统计的TIR异常定义。以及即使在非常不同的当地(例如与大气和/或地面有关)和观测(例如与时间/季节有关,但也与太阳和卫星天顶角有关)条件下识别它们的合适方法。在地震活跃地区,RST对卫星TIR调查的可能应用已经在四个不同大陆发生的数十次地震的情况下进行了测试。在提出的遗传模型中,温室气体(如CO2、CH4等)排放率的增加也被认为可以解释这种异常TIR信号瞬变的出现与地震发生的地点和时间有一定的关系。到目前为止,将RST方法应用于以强脱气为特征的地震区所取得的结果与这一假设并不矛盾。在这项工作中,根据RST程序分析了长期Meteosat-TIR图像,以证明温室气体排放的增加如何不能排除在靠近地震发生时间/地点的TIR异常出现的主要原因中。为了研究CH4普遍排放时的TIR异常行为,考虑了Boumerdes地震(阿尔及利亚,Mb ~ 6.8, 2003年5月21日)和阿塞拜疆泥火山爆发。与主要二氧化碳排放地区的结果比较,强调了观测到的TIR异常的时空特征实际上依赖于主要温室气体排放:对于二氧化碳占主导地位的地区,热异常通常响应于形态轮廓(即构造断层),因为预计会扩散比空气重的气体。相反,在CH4占主导地位的区域,重叠不是很明显,因为预计会扩散比空气轻的气体。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Robust Satellite Techniques for monitoring TIR anomalies in seismogenic areas
Based on Thermal Infrared (TIR) satellite observations, previous studies have been suggesting for decades a relation between TIR anomalies and seismic activity. Among the others, a Robust Satellite data analysis Technique (RST) was proposed which provides a statistically based definition of ?TIR anomalies? and a suitable method for their identification even in very different local (e.g. related to atmosphere and/or surface) and observational (e.g. related to time/season, but also to solar and satellite zenithal angles) conditions. The possible applications of RST to satellite TIR surveys in seismically active regions was already tested in the case of tens of earthquakes occurred in four different continents. Among proposed genetic models, the increase of green-house gas (such as CO2, CH4, etc.) emission rates has been also suggested to explain the appearance of such anomalous TIR signal transients in some relation with the place and time of earthquake occurrence. The results so far achieved by applying the RST approach to seismic areas characterized by strong degassing did not contradict this hypothesis. In this work long term Meteosat-TIR images have been analyzed, according to RST procedure, in order to demonstrate how an enhanced greenhouse gas emission can not be excluded among the main causes of TIR anomalies appearance close to the time/location of earthquake occurrence. Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, Mb ~ 6.8, 21st May 2003) and mud volcano eruptions in Azerbaijan have been considered in order to investigate TIR anomalies behaviour in presence of prevailing CH4 emissions. The comparison with results achieved in areas with prevailing CO2 emissions stress an actual dependence of space-time signature of observed TIR anomalies on the prevailing green-house gas emission: for CO2 dominated area, thermal anomalies generally respond to morphological lineaments (i.e. tectonic faults), as it is expected for diffusing gases heavier than air. The opposite, with not so well-marked overlapping, happens in the CH4 dominated areas as it is expected for diffusing gases lighter than air.
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