CMS ECAL数据采集系统及其在LHC Run 2上的性能

D. Mapelli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2017年,欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机以13 TeV的质心能量提供了惊人的50 fb$^{-1}$的质子-质子碰撞。CMS探测器已经能够记录大约90%的这些数据。在此期间,基于75848闪烁PbWO4晶体和硅铅前置雨淋的CMS电磁量热计(ECAL)继续表现出优异的性能,并具有非常稳定的数据采集系统。ECAL DAQ系统遵循模块化和标量模式:晶体被划分为扇区,每个扇区由3个相互连接的板控制。这些电路板负责配置和控制前端电子设备,为中央CMS一级触发器生成触发器原语,以及收集数据。多机分布式软件配置电子板,并遵循采办过程的生命周期。ECAL电子模块配置体现在应用树形控制结构的软件中。通过主web应用程序,用户控制与负责脱检板配置的子应用程序的通信。自2015年Run 2开始以来,ECAL DAQ已经实施了许多改进,以减少偶尔的错误,以及减轻前端电子设备中的单个事件干扰,并提高效率。已经在软件级别上进行了努力,以便在发生错误时引入自动恢复。这些程序是强制性的,以建立一个可靠和有效的采集系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The CMS ECAL data acquisition system and its performance at LHC Run 2
In 2017 the Large Hadron Collider at CERN has provided an astonishing 50 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The CMS detector has been able to record about 90\% of this data. During this period, the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), based on 75848 scintillating PbWO4 crystals and a silicon and lead preshower, has continued exhibiting excellent performance with a very stable data acquisition system. The ECAL DAQ system follows a modular and scalar schema: the crystals are divided in sectors, each of them controlled by 3 interconnected boards. These boards are responsible for the configuration and control of the front-end electronics, the generation of trigger primitives for the central CMS first level trigger, and the collection of data. A multi-machine distributed software configures the electronic boards and follows the life cycle of the acquisition process. The ECAL electronics modular configuration is reflected in the software where a tree control structure is applied. Through a master web application, the user controls the communication with the sub-applications that are responsible for the off-detector board configurations. Since the beginning of Run 2 in 2015, many improvements to the ECAL DAQ have been implemented to reduce occasional errors, as well as to mitigate single event upsets in the front-end electronics, and to improve the efficiency. Efforts at the software level have been made to introduce automatic recovery in case of errors. These procedures are mandatory to have a reliable and efficient acquisition system.
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