尼日利亚西南部各州和北部部分地区农药使用、滥用及其对环境退化的影响概述

O. S.A, Rafiu, R.A., A. M. A
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摘要

本研究评估和监督了尼日利亚西南部和北部部分地区农药的使用、滥用及其对环境退化的影响。它还收集了农民为什么滥用杀虫剂的信息。本研究的数据收集自二手资料,如书籍、电子资料、实验和实地报告。从文献检索中发现,农药使用者中男性多于女性。农民受教育程度越高,农药的滥用就越少。大多数农民重复使用农药容器来保存家里有价值的东西,农民正在使用剧毒的农药。报告还指出,农民滥用农用化学品的原因包括个人防护装备使用不当、混合使用两种本应发挥不同作用的化学品、没有检查农药容器上的有效期以及许多农民无法阅读和理解农药容器上的说明。许多农民会感到不适,如呕吐、眼痒、灼烧感、头晕、恶心等。农药对环境的影响揭示了农药使用造成的环境危害对某些水生生物的卵孵化产生不利影响,阻碍生殖和内分泌系统,污染食物、水、牲畜死亡、鱼类死亡和生物多样性丧失。因此,应鼓励农民在施药过程中使用完整的个人防护用品,以避免产生不适,农药的使用不应由老年农民主导。此外,应监测禁用的农药不得在市场上销售,组织对农药使用者进行成人教育,并鼓励使用后将农药罐妥善处置到适当的焚化炉。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Overview of Pesticide Usage, Misuse and Its Impact on Environmental Degradation in South-western States and Some Part of Northern States in Nigeria
This study assessed and oversees the pesticides usage, misuse and its effects on environmental degradation in Southwest and some Northern part of Nigeria. It also gathered information on why farmers misused the pesticides. Data for this study were collected from secondary sources like books, electronic sources, experimental and field reports. It was discovered from the literature searched that males were majorly pesticide users than the females. Higher education levels of farmers reduced the misuse of pesticides. Majority of farmers were reusing pesticide containers for keeping valuable thing in homes and that pesticides which are highly toxic are being used by farmers. It was also noted that, farmers are misusing agrochemicals due to inappropriate use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), mixing of two chemicals which are meant to perform different role, lack of checking expiry dates on the pesticides containers and inability of many farmers to read and understand the instructions on pesticide containers. Many farmers experience discomforts such as vomiting, itching eyes, burning sensation, dizziness, nausea etc. Impact of pesticides on the environment were revealed to have detrimental effect on hatching of egg of some aquatic organisms, hinders reproductive and endocrine systems and contamination of food, water, death of livestock, fish death and loss of biodiversity as a result of environmental hazards caused by pesticide usage. It is therefore concluded that farmers should be encouraged to use their complete PPE during pesticides application to avoid having discomfort, and the use of pesticides should not be anchored by old age farmers. Moreso, banned pesticides should be monitored not to be sold in the market, adult education should be organized for the pesticide users and encourage proper disposal of pesticide cans into appropriate incinerator after used.
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