德语和乌克兰语明喻的异同

O. Zaichenko
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摘要

本文着重分析了德语明喻的主要特点以及与之相关的翻译问题。通过对德语和乌克兰语明喻的比较分析,揭示了明喻的结构和语义方面,从而形成了德语明喻的扩展类型学。通过对德语和乌克兰语明喻语料库的分析,发现德语和乌克兰语明喻语料库既有相似的语义特征,也有不同的语义特征。在德语的习语空间中,我们观察到独特的、特定的固定明喻。明喻可以通过完全对等单位、部分词汇对等、类比对应物、逐字模式等方式转化为目的语。本文特别关注了外国学生学习德语明喻的教育问题。对明喻的研究延伸到现代德语中这些单位的功能,因为它们中的一些已经过时,被改造或改变了它们的外延意义。明喻作为短语的一个特殊组成部分,具有生产性、时效性、传播价值和开放性。通过对明喻词典的研究,可以为德语专业或第二外语学习者的词汇学、文体学、文化研究和翻译实践课程的研究提供参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Wie Feuer und Wasser: differences and similarities of similes in the German and Ukrainian languages
The paper focuses on the main features of similes in the German language as well as the translation issues related to them. The comparative analysis of similes in the German and Ukrainian languages has been carried out to reveal the structural and semantic aspects of similes resulting in extended typology of similes in the German language. The analysis of the corpora of similes in the German and Ukrainian languages has demonstrated the presence of both similar and divergent semantic features inherent in them which stem from differences in mentalities of Germans and Ukrainians. Unique, specific fixed similes are observed in the in the idiomatic space of the German language. Similes can be rendered into the target language by the fully equivalent units, partial lexical equivalents, analogous counterparts, word-for-word patterns. The article pays special attention to the educational issues for foreign students to study German similes. Studies of similes extend to functioning of such units in the modern German language as some of them have turned to be outdated, got transformed, or changed their denotative meaning. The article confirms that similes as a special part of phraseology are productive, topical, valuable in terms of communication, as well as open for development. The research can result in compiling a dictionary of similes which will facilitate the studies of lexicology, stylistics, cultural studies, and practical course of translation for students specializing in German or those learning German as a second foreign language.
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