Impact and assessment of climate change on biological diversity

Global climate change has both direct and indirect effects on the biological and physical contexts of biodiversity. Climate change's consequences include increased temperature and precipitation, high salinity, and intense climate conditions such as hurricanes, cyclones, and droughts, all of which have a significant negative impact on habitats and on the structure and functioning of the environment and ecosystems. Investigating the impact of climate change on biodiversity is difficult because changes occur steadily over time and the consequences are interactive with other environmental problems. In the previous two decades, there has been an increase in the number of endangered species, including plants, fish, amphibians, molluscs, birds, mammals, insects, and reptiles, among many other species. This chapter's major goal is to focus on biodiversity and the impact of global warming and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as on the agriculture and human existence. Furthermore, numerous tools and methods for analysing the effects of climate change using diverse techniques, as well as potential mitigation measures for conserving biodiversity from climate change's consequences, have