A bi-level optimal scheduling model for virtual power plants and conventional power plants considering environmental constraints and uncertainty

To effectively realise the distributed energy resources participating in the system scheduling and reduce pollutant emissions from conventional plants, a bi-level stochastic optimal model for conventional plants and VPPs was built considering the uncertainty and environmental constraints. Firstly, a method of scenario generation and reduction is proposed to simulate the output of WPP and PV based on interval method and Kantorovich distance. Secondly, a bi-level stochastic optimal scheduling model for VPPs and conventional plants in a day-ahead plan is constructed. Finally, different simulation scenarios are designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results illustrate that the model can overcome the influence of uncertainty and realise optimal economic jointly dispatch for VPPs and conventional plants under environmental constraints, through VPP technology, distributed power generation resources can be integrated effectively and have good environmental effect. Plants with high environmental performance will gain a larger share and generate more power.