Optimized Intelligent Based Controller for LFC of Multi-Area Hydrothermal System Incorporating Wind Firm and HVDC Links

This paper examines the load frequency regulation of a hydrothermal system with three uneven areas that are combined with a wind energy source in each area. A new integrated controller known as Fuzzy proportional derivative with filter (Fuzzy-PDF) has been modeled. The Skill Optimization Algorithm (SOA), an optimization algorithm, is used to optimize proportional derivative with filter (PDF) gains as well as the inputs-output scaling factors of the Fuzzy logic controller. The effect of incorporating the high voltage direct current (HVDC) tie-line in parallel with the Alternative current (AC) tie-line on the dynamic response of this system is evaluated. It reveals that on the present model with the AC-HVDC tie-line the dynamic response is improved. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy-PDF controller integrated with a wind energy source outperforms PDF alone. Sensitivity investigations have demonstrated that SOA-optimized Fuzzy-PDF controller parameters are robust to different loading conditions.