Sleep status of children aged 3–12 years in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the sleep characteristics of children aged 3–12 years old in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for improving pediatric sleep health. Methods From April to June 2019, 16 542 children aged 3–12 years old were randomly selected from 31 kindergartens and 17 primary schods in Shanghai, and a cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate sleep characteristics. Results The bedtime routine of children in Shanghai was (21:27±00:36) and (21: 46±00: 46) on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Corresponding wake-up times were (6:52±00:28) and (7:47±00: 48), total sleep duration was (9.05±1.07) and (9.52±1.17) h, and the prevalence of inadequate sleep was 81.0% and 55.4%. The average score of sleep problems was (51.56±8.04), and the prevalence of disturbed sleep was 93.5%. With advancing age, the total sleep time of children in Shanghai decreased, and the difference in weekend-weekday sleep patterns increased. Furthermore, two major sleep problems were observed, namely, short sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, which became increasingly more prominent. Girls usually went to bed later on weekdays and woke up later on weekends, and a greater difference in weekend-weekday sleep patterns was observed. Moreover, psychological problems such as sleep anxiety were more serious among girls. Conclusion At present, children in Shanghai have insufficient sleep time and late bedtimes. Large differences in weekend-weekday sleep patterns were observed, and various sleep problems were identified. Sleep-related anxiety and differences in weekend-weekday sleep patterns were particularly high among girls. 【摘要】 目的 了解上海市 3~12 岁儿童的睡眠特征, 为促进儿童睡眠健康提供参考。 方法 2019 年 4—6 月在上海市开 展多阶段整群抽样, 抽取 31 所幼儿园和 17 所小学, 在纳入研究的 16 542 名 3~12 岁儿童中开展睡眠现状横断面调查。睡 眠特征采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷 (CSHQ) 进行评估。 结果 上海市 3~12 岁儿童的平时和周末就寝时间分别为 (21:27±00:36) 和 (21:46±00:46); 晨起时间分别为 (6:52±00:28) 和 (7:47±00:48); 睡眠时间分别为 (9.05±1.07) 和 (9.52±1.17)h; 睡眠不足发生率分别为 81.0% 和 55.4%。平均睡眠问题得分为 (51.56±8.04), 睡眠不良检出率达 93.5%。随着年龄增长, 睡眠时间逐渐减少, 周末和平时睡眠模式的差异不断增大, 睡眠持续时间短和日间困倦两大睡眠问题不断突出。与男生相 比, 女生的平时就寝时间和周末晨起时间更晚, 周末和平时的睡眠模式差异更大, 睡眠焦虑更加严重。 结论 上海市儿童 总体睡眠时间不足、就寝时间晚、平时和周末睡眠模式差异大、各种睡眠问题多。女生周末和平时睡眠模式差异大和睡眠 焦虑表现尤为严重。