近百年来落基山脉地区碳酸盐演化研究

M. Longman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

正如世界人口、总体知识和落基山地质学家协会(RMAG)在过去100年里发生了重大变化一样,对碳酸盐岩和储层的研究和解释也发生了变化。到2022年,RMAG已经有一个世纪的历史了,从1922年仅有50名最初的创始成员举行了该组织的第一次“会议”,发展到今天的大约1800名成员。因此,RMAG的出版物有助于记录碳酸盐岩研究的演变,特别是在落基山脉地区。RMAG的数百次午餐会、1964年创刊的季度技术出版物《山地地质学家》以及50年前于1972年出版的极其全面的《落基山区地质地图集》,都为该研究做出了重要贡献。此外,自1953年以来,RMAG出版了实地指南和专题讨论会,重点关注特定盆地、储层类型和构造地质等方面。这些书中有许多是关于落基山脉碳酸盐岩单元的论文。对《山地地质学家》从1964年到2021年每年发表的论文的分析表明,该杂志每年有相当一致的10%到15%的文章直接涉及碳酸盐岩的某些方面。20世纪60年代和70年代的早期论文主要涉及露头研究和基于测量剖面的特定碳酸盐单元的对比,或使用化石来定义相和生物地层单位。在20世纪80年代,重点转移到完善碳酸盐岩沉积模型,并通过详细的岩石学研究、同位素分析、阴极发光和扫描电子显微镜更多地关注碳酸盐岩成岩作用。20世纪90年代,论文的重点转向了特定的碳酸盐岩油气藏,从Cottonwood Creek油田的潮外白云岩到密西西比Lodgepole组相对深水的Waulsortian泥丘,再到Niobrara组的“盆地”白垩。21世纪初,碳酸盐研究的重点再次转移到使用三维地震数据来更好地了解特定的碳酸盐储层,并在层序地层学的背景下增加对碳酸盐矿床的解释。在过去的十年中,用于研究碳酸盐岩的工具得到了进一步的扩展,包括更精细的同位素数据,改进的扫描电镜研究,以及使用x射线荧光分析获得的元素数据。毫无疑问,未来十年将带来数据收集方法的更多改进,以及对影响所有落基山碳酸盐岩矿床的沉积和成岩过程的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evolution of carbonate studies in the Rocky Mountain region over the past century
Just as the world’s population, knowledge in general, and the Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists (RMAG) have changed in major ways during the past 100 years, so too has the study and interpretation of carbonate rocks and reservoirs. The RMAG, a century old in 2022, has evolved from just 50 original charter members who held the organization’s first “meeting” in 1922, to its approximately 1800 members today. Thus, RMAG’s publications have helped document the evolution of carbonate rock studies, particularly those in the Rocky Mountain region. Key contributions have been made through RMAG’s hundreds of luncheon talks, through its quarterly technical publication, The Mountain Geologist, initiated in 1964, and the exceptionally comprehensive Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Region, published 50 years ago in 1972. In addition, since 1953 the RMAG has published field guides and symposia volumes focused on specific basins, types of reservoirs, and structural geology among other things. Many of these books contain papers focused on carbonate rock units in the Rockies. Analysis of the papers published in The Mountain Geologist each year from 1964 through 2021 reveals that a fairly consistent 10 to 15% of that journal’s articles each year deal directly with some aspect of carbonate rocks. Earlier papers in the 1960s and 1970s dealt mainly with outcrop studies and the correlation of specific carbonate units based on measured sections or the use of fossils to define facies and biostratigraphic units. During the 1980s emphasis shifted to refining carbonate depositional models and focusing more on carbonate diagenesis through detailed petrographic studies, isotopic analyses, cathodoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The 1990s brought a shift to papers focused more on specific carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs ranging from the peritidal dolomites in Cottonwood Creek Field to relatively deepwater Waulsortian mudmounds in the Mississippian Lodgepole Formation and the “basinal” chalks of the Niobrara Formation. The focus of carbonate studies shifted again in the early 2000s to the use of 3-D seismic data to better understand specific carbonate reservoirs and the increased interpretation of carbonate deposits within the context of sequence stratigraphy. The tools used to study carbonate rocks expanded even further over the past decade with more refined isotopic data, improved SEM studies, and the use of elemental data obtained with X-ray fluorescence analyses. No doubt the next decade will bring even more improvements in data collection methods and the interpretation of depositional and diagenetic processes that have impacted all Rocky Mountain carbonate deposits.
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