关于沥青片岩破碎砂的注意事项

Dumitru Hanganu
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摘要

几千年来,人们一直用沙子和石头做地基。在罗马帝国期间,骨料的生产和使用得到了重大改进,罗马帝国使用骨料建造了庞大的道路和渡槽网络。混凝土的发明,这是必不可少的建筑利用拱门,创造了一个直接的,永久的建筑骨料的需求。建筑骨料,或简称“骨料”,是一大类用于建筑的粗至中粒度颗粒材料,包括沙子,砾石,碎石,矿渣,再生混凝土和土工合成骨料。骨料是世界上开采最多的材料。骨料是混凝土和沥青混凝土等复合材料的组成部分;骨料起到增强的作用,增加了整体复合材料的强度。由于与大多数土壤相比,骨料具有较高的水力导电性,因此被广泛用于排水应用,如基础和法式排水沟,化粪池排水沟,挡土墙排水沟和路边边缘排水沟。骨料也被用作地基、道路和铁路的基础材料。换句话说,骨料被用作稳定的基础或具有可预测的、均匀特性的道路/铁路基础(例如,帮助防止道路或建筑物下的差异沉降),或作为与更昂贵的水泥或沥青结合形成混凝土的低成本扩展剂。EN 13043中以d/ d的形式给出了道路施工首选沥青骨料尺寸(其中范围显示了颗粒可以通过的最小和最大的正方形网格)。在EN 13383、EN 12620混凝土骨料、EN 13242道路建筑基层和EN 13450铁路道砟中,同样的分级尺寸用于较大的铠装石尺寸。骨料本身可以作为骨料回收。砂、砾石或适合压碎成集料的石头沉积物可以在任何地方,可能需要清除覆盖层和/或爆破,而可回收集料的“沉积物”往往集中在城市地区附近,它们的产量不能提高或降低,以满足对集料的需求。再生骨料的供应取决于结构的物理衰变及其拆除。回收装置可以是固定的,也可以是移动的;小容量的移动装置最适合沥青集料的回收。被回收的材料通常在质量和性能上变化很大。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Notes About Crushing Sand from Bituminous Schist
Abstract People have used sand and stone for foundations for thousands of years. Significant refinement of the production and use of aggregate occurred during the Roman Empire, which used aggregate to build its vast network of roads and aqueducts. The invention of concrete, which was essential to architecture utilizing arches, created an immediate, permanent demand for construction aggregates. Construction aggregate, or simply “aggregate”, is a broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and roadside edge drains. Aggregates are also used as base material under foundations, roads, and railroads. In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, uniform properties (e.g. to help prevent differential settling under the road or building), or as a low-cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete. Preferred bituminous aggregate sizes for road construction are given in EN 13043 as d/D (where the range shows the smallest and largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass). The same classification sizing is used for larger armour stone sizes in EN 13383, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction and EN 13450 for railway ballast. Aggregates themselves can be recycled as aggregates. Unlike deposits of sand and gravel or stone suitable for crushing into aggregate, which can be anywhere and may require overburden removal and/or blasting, “deposits” of recyclable aggregate tend to be concentrated near urban areas, and production from them cannot be raised or lowered to meet demand for aggregates. Supply of recycled aggregate depends on physical decay of structures and their demolition. The recycling plant can be fixed or mobile; the smaller capacity mobile plant works best for asphalt-aggregate recycling. The material being recycled is usually highly variable in quality and properties.
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