Metamaterial Devices from Microwaves and Terahertz to Optical Frequencies

Microwave to optical frequency was used to review metamaterial applications. The regions are divided into hard and soft. Constructed devices, such as sources, lenses, switches, modulators and detectors, operate within these components. Programmable metamaterials can realise several distinct functionalities using a field-programmable gate array. For example, a cloak was constructed using artificially structured metamaterials under a band of microwave frequency.