Seung Lee, Hyun-Tai Lee, Su Yeob Na, Koun Cho, Yunmi Oh, Joonkoo Lee
{"title":"新标准时代为提高中小企业对外竞争力的政策课题研究:以韩国和台湾为中心(Policy Challenges for Supporting the Internationalization of SMEs in the New Normal Era: Focusing on Taiwan's Case)","authors":"Seung Lee, Hyun-Tai Lee, Su Yeob Na, Koun Cho, Yunmi Oh, Joonkoo Lee","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2844046","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 한국과 대만의 중소기업은 매우 유사한 문제점을 안고 있다. 양국 모두 국내시장이 협소하고, 자국 내 중소기업의 입지가 좁은 편이다. 따라서 양국 기업의 대부분을 차지하는 중소기업의 활로는 해외시장 진출에 있다고 할 수 있다. 특히 기업 생산활동이 국제적으로 다양화되는 상황을 고려할 때 중소기업의 글로벌 가치사슬(GVC) 참여를 통한 해외진출은 매우 중요하다. 수출 데이터로 본 양국 중소기업의 직접수출은 글로벌 금융위기 이후 세계경제 성장이 둔화되는 가운데 전체 수출에서 차지하는 비중이 축소되고 있다.그러나 생산과정이 복잡해진 지금 직접수출비중 축소가 중소기업의 해외 경쟁력 저하를 의미한다고 볼 수는 없다. 본 보고서에서는 많은 중소기업이 대기업 가치사슬을 통해 간접수출을 하고 있음에 주목하고, 이를 포함한 한국과 대만 중소기업의 전체 수출비중을 계산하고 비교하였다. 그 결과 대만 중소기업의 간접수출비중은 크게 증가하고 있는 반면 한국 중소기업의 간접수출비중은 큰변화가 없었다. 이는 대만 중소기업의 전체 수출비중은 증가하지만 한국 중소기업의 전체 수출비중은 하락하는 결과로 이어졌다. 이 결과는 양국의 산업구조 변화와 중소기업과 대기업의 GVC 참여 상황 변화로 설명할 수 있다. 2000년대 대만의 급속한 대기업화는 중소기업이 대기업에 수출용 중간재를 공급하는 구조를 강화하면서 중소기업의 간접수출비중을 늘렸다. 반면 한국은 대기업 위주의 수출구조 및 수직계열화 구조가 계속 유지되면서 중소기업과 대기업 간 GVC 관계가 심화되지 못했기에, 2000년대 총수출 증가가 중소기업 수출비중을 늘리는 방향으로 이어지지 못했다. 휴대폰 산업의 한 · 대만 GVC 참여상황 분석에서도 이러한 특징이 뚜렷이 나타난다. 한국과 대만은 휴대폰 산업의 GVC 참여 형태가 다르다. 한국은 대기업이 가치사슬을 대부분 내부화시켰고 최종 브랜드 생산에 직접 임하고 있지만, 대만은 다수의 중소기업이 중저가 위주의 표준화된 부품분야에서 주로 다국적기업과 가치사슬로 연결되어 있다. 이런 구조하에서 한국 중소기업은 대만 중소기업에 비해서 GVC에 직접 연결되어 세계시장 참여도를 높이거나 고부가가치 영역을 개척하기가 쉽지 않았다. GVC에 성공적으로 진입한 대만과 한국 중소기업의 사례를 종합해보면 몇가지 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 다국적기업에 부품을 납품하거나 OEM, ODM으로 해외 주문을 수주하는 등 다양한 GVC 진입 방법이 있으나, 이런 글로벌화의 성공을 위해서는 중소기업 자체의 기술력이 바탕이 되어야 한다는 것이다. 또 이를 위해서는 RD both suffer from relatively small domestic markets and limited positions in the respective markets.Therefore, the survival of SMEs in both Korea and Taiwan-which take up the largest portion in both economies-depends on their capacity for increased overseas expansion. In today’s world where the production cycle of companies is becoming increasingly internationalized, the SMEs’ overseas expansion through participation in the global value chains (GVCs) becomes all the more important.Due to the economic recession, the direct exports of SMEs in proportion to the total direct exports are decreasing in both economies. But the complex production cycle of companies indicates that this does not necessarily point to a decrease in SMEs’ overseas competitiveness. This research focused on the fact that actually, many SMEs engage in indirect exporting by participating in value chains of major companies, and compared the total exports(including both the direct and indirect exports) of SMEs in Korea and Taiwan. The results showed that while the proportion of indirect exports to total exports in Taiwan SMEs has greatly increased over time, that of Korean SMEs has shown little difference.This has led the total exports of Taiwanese companies to increase while the total exports of Korean SMEs decreased. This phenomenon can be explained by two factors: the changes in the industry structures in the two countries and the changes in the participation rate of SMEs and major companies in GVCs. In the 2000s, the proportion of major companies in the Taiwanese economies grew rapidly, intensifying the relationship between major companies and SMEs, under which SMEs provided for the intermediate goods for exports to major companies. This practice increased indirect exports of Taiwanese SMEs. On the other hand, in Korea, major company-oriented export structure and vertical integration structure persisted, with no progress in the GVC relations between major companies and SMEs.This meant that the increase in Korea’s total exports in the 2000s did not lead to an increase in the total exports of Korean SMEs.These characteristics are clearly visible in the two countries’ cellular phone industry. The GVC structure in Korea and Taiwan differs very much in that for Taiwan, SMEs are more directly involved in the GVC than Korea. For SMEs in Korea, where major companies mostly internalized the value chains and are involved directly in the final brand production process, it is not easy for SMEs to engage in GVCs, or participate in the global market or a high value-added industry.Looking into the cases of SMEs that have successfully integrated into GVC in both Taiwan and Korea, we can derive several implications.First, although there exist multiple ways to enter GVCs such as supplying parts and components to a multinational company or procuring overseas contracts as OEM or ODM, in order for such trials to succeed, the SME in question must have a solid technological base. Long-term investment in R&D and research personnel are essential. Second, an active response to the demand is also integral for the company’s success. The SMEs who did succeed in entering overseas markets, actively respond to the foreign buyers’ needs.Third, active overseas investment strategy is also essential. Another common trait that these SMEs shared was that they all actively sought to build production factories or sales networks in China or Southeast Asia, where they can enjoy multiple benefits including obtaining a new market and low-cost factors of production.Taiwanese cases of SMEs who have successfully integrated into GVCs show that the government’s role in the beginning stage of industrialization is to attract multinational companies by utilizing measures like FDI. Many Taiwanese SME personnel learned technology and garnered experience working at multinational companies, and by utilizing the international network formed during this initial stage, was able to continue the OEM, ODM relations with multinational companies. Also, Taiwan’s government organizations such as Department of Industrial Technology and Ministry of Economic Affairs, actively supported SMEs to develop and construct hightechnology production management systems, and supported companies to enhance R&D capacity and application technology by sharing the results of government-led research projects on basic science. For Korean SMEs, the factors for success also included continued R&D investment, an adequate prediction of the market demand and quick response to the changes, global networking, etc..","PeriodicalId":415834,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Comparative Case Studies of Industrial Policies & Regulatory Experiences in Emerging Markets (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"뉴노멀 시대 중소기업의 대외경쟁력 제고를 위한 정책과제 연구: 한국과 대만을 중심으로 (Policy Challenges for Supporting the Internationalization of SMEs in the New Normal Era: Focusing on Taiwan's Case )\",\"authors\":\"Seung Lee, Hyun-Tai Lee, Su Yeob Na, Koun Cho, Yunmi Oh, Joonkoo Lee\",\"doi\":\"10.2139/SSRN.2844046\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Korean Abstract: 한국과 대만의 중소기업은 매우 유사한 문제점을 안고 있다. 양국 모두 국내시장이 협소하고, 자국 내 중소기업의 입지가 좁은 편이다. 따라서 양국 기업의 대부분을 차지하는 중소기업의 활로는 해외시장 진출에 있다고 할 수 있다. 특히 기업 생산활동이 국제적으로 다양화되는 상황을 고려할 때 중소기업의 글로벌 가치사슬(GVC) 참여를 통한 해외진출은 매우 중요하다. 수출 데이터로 본 양국 중소기업의 직접수출은 글로벌 금융위기 이후 세계경제 성장이 둔화되는 가운데 전체 수출에서 차지하는 비중이 축소되고 있다.그러나 생산과정이 복잡해진 지금 직접수출비중 축소가 중소기업의 해외 경쟁력 저하를 의미한다고 볼 수는 없다. 본 보고서에서는 많은 중소기업이 대기업 가치사슬을 통해 간접수출을 하고 있음에 주목하고, 이를 포함한 한국과 대만 중소기업의 전체 수출비중을 계산하고 비교하였다. 그 결과 대만 중소기업의 간접수출비중은 크게 증가하고 있는 반면 한국 중소기업의 간접수출비중은 큰변화가 없었다. 이는 대만 중소기업의 전체 수출비중은 증가하지만 한국 중소기업의 전체 수출비중은 하락하는 결과로 이어졌다. 이 결과는 양국의 산업구조 변화와 중소기업과 대기업의 GVC 참여 상황 변화로 설명할 수 있다. 2000년대 대만의 급속한 대기업화는 중소기업이 대기업에 수출용 중간재를 공급하는 구조를 강화하면서 중소기업의 간접수출비중을 늘렸다. 반면 한국은 대기업 위주의 수출구조 및 수직계열화 구조가 계속 유지되면서 중소기업과 대기업 간 GVC 관계가 심화되지 못했기에, 2000년대 총수출 증가가 중소기업 수출비중을 늘리는 방향으로 이어지지 못했다. 휴대폰 산업의 한 · 대만 GVC 참여상황 분석에서도 이러한 특징이 뚜렷이 나타난다. 한국과 대만은 휴대폰 산업의 GVC 참여 형태가 다르다. 한국은 대기업이 가치사슬을 대부분 내부화시켰고 최종 브랜드 생산에 직접 임하고 있지만, 대만은 다수의 중소기업이 중저가 위주의 표준화된 부품분야에서 주로 다국적기업과 가치사슬로 연결되어 있다. 이런 구조하에서 한국 중소기업은 대만 중소기업에 비해서 GVC에 직접 연결되어 세계시장 참여도를 높이거나 고부가가치 영역을 개척하기가 쉽지 않았다. GVC에 성공적으로 진입한 대만과 한국 중소기업의 사례를 종합해보면 몇가지 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 다국적기업에 부품을 납품하거나 OEM, ODM으로 해외 주문을 수주하는 등 다양한 GVC 진입 방법이 있으나, 이런 글로벌화의 성공을 위해서는 중소기업 자체의 기술력이 바탕이 되어야 한다는 것이다. 또 이를 위해서는 RD both suffer from relatively small domestic markets and limited positions in the respective markets.Therefore, the survival of SMEs in both Korea and Taiwan-which take up the largest portion in both economies-depends on their capacity for increased overseas expansion. In today’s world where the production cycle of companies is becoming increasingly internationalized, the SMEs’ overseas expansion through participation in the global value chains (GVCs) becomes all the more important.Due to the economic recession, the direct exports of SMEs in proportion to the total direct exports are decreasing in both economies. But the complex production cycle of companies indicates that this does not necessarily point to a decrease in SMEs’ overseas competitiveness. This research focused on the fact that actually, many SMEs engage in indirect exporting by participating in value chains of major companies, and compared the total exports(including both the direct and indirect exports) of SMEs in Korea and Taiwan. The results showed that while the proportion of indirect exports to total exports in Taiwan SMEs has greatly increased over time, that of Korean SMEs has shown little difference.This has led the total exports of Taiwanese companies to increase while the total exports of Korean SMEs decreased. This phenomenon can be explained by two factors: the changes in the industry structures in the two countries and the changes in the participation rate of SMEs and major companies in GVCs. In the 2000s, the proportion of major companies in the Taiwanese economies grew rapidly, intensifying the relationship between major companies and SMEs, under which SMEs provided for the intermediate goods for exports to major companies. This practice increased indirect exports of Taiwanese SMEs. On the other hand, in Korea, major company-oriented export structure and vertical integration structure persisted, with no progress in the GVC relations between major companies and SMEs.This meant that the increase in Korea’s total exports in the 2000s did not lead to an increase in the total exports of Korean SMEs.These characteristics are clearly visible in the two countries’ cellular phone industry. The GVC structure in Korea and Taiwan differs very much in that for Taiwan, SMEs are more directly involved in the GVC than Korea. For SMEs in Korea, where major companies mostly internalized the value chains and are involved directly in the final brand production process, it is not easy for SMEs to engage in GVCs, or participate in the global market or a high value-added industry.Looking into the cases of SMEs that have successfully integrated into GVC in both Taiwan and Korea, we can derive several implications.First, although there exist multiple ways to enter GVCs such as supplying parts and components to a multinational company or procuring overseas contracts as OEM or ODM, in order for such trials to succeed, the SME in question must have a solid technological base. Long-term investment in R&D and research personnel are essential. Second, an active response to the demand is also integral for the company’s success. The SMEs who did succeed in entering overseas markets, actively respond to the foreign buyers’ needs.Third, active overseas investment strategy is also essential. Another common trait that these SMEs shared was that they all actively sought to build production factories or sales networks in China or Southeast Asia, where they can enjoy multiple benefits including obtaining a new market and low-cost factors of production.Taiwanese cases of SMEs who have successfully integrated into GVCs show that the government’s role in the beginning stage of industrialization is to attract multinational companies by utilizing measures like FDI. Many Taiwanese SME personnel learned technology and garnered experience working at multinational companies, and by utilizing the international network formed during this initial stage, was able to continue the OEM, ODM relations with multinational companies. Also, Taiwan’s government organizations such as Department of Industrial Technology and Ministry of Economic Affairs, actively supported SMEs to develop and construct hightechnology production management systems, and supported companies to enhance R&D capacity and application technology by sharing the results of government-led research projects on basic science. For Korean SMEs, the factors for success also included continued R&D investment, an adequate prediction of the market demand and quick response to the changes, global networking, etc..\",\"PeriodicalId\":415834,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ERN: Comparative Case Studies of Industrial Policies & Regulatory Experiences in Emerging Markets (Topic)\",\"volume\":\"9 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2016-08-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ERN: Comparative Case Studies of Industrial Policies & Regulatory Experiences in Emerging Markets (Topic)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2844046\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ERN: Comparative Case Studies of Industrial Policies & Regulatory Experiences in Emerging Markets (Topic)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2844046","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
Korean Abstract:韩国和台湾的中小企业存在非常相似的问题。两国国内市场都比较狭小,本国中小企业的立足之地也比较狭窄。因此可以说,占据两国企业大部分的中小企业的出路在于进军海外市场。特别是考虑到企业生产活动在国际上变得多样化的情况,中小企业通过参与全球价值链(GVC)进军海外非常重要。从出口数据来看,全球金融危机以后,在世界经济增长趋缓的情况下,两国中小企业的直接出口在整体出口中所占比重正在缩小。但是,在生产过程变得复杂的今天,缩小直接出口比重并不意味着中小企业的海外竞争力下降。本报告注意到许多中小企业通过大企业价值链进行间接出口,并计算和比较了包括这些在内的韩国和台湾中小企业的整体出口比重。结果,台湾中小企业的间接出口比重大幅增加,而韩国中小企业的间接出口比重却没有太大变化。这导致了台湾中小企业的整体出口比重增加,但韩国中小企业的整体出口比重下降的结果。这一结果可以用两国的产业结构变化和中小企业和大企业参与GVC状况的变化来解释。2000年代,台湾的大企业化迅速加强了中小企业向大企业供应出口用中间材料的结构,增加了中小企业的间接出口比重。相反,韩国继续维持以大企业为主的出口结构及垂直系列化结构,中小企业和大企业之间的GVC关系没能深化,因此,21世纪总出口的增加没能向增加中小企业出口比重的方向发展。在分析韩国和台湾GVC参与手机产业的情况时,这一特点也非常明显。韩国和台湾的手机产业参与GVC的形式不同。在韩国,大部分价值链由大企业内部化,并直接投入最终品牌的生产,但在台湾,多数中小企业在以中低价为主的标准化配件领域,主要与跨国企业形成价值链。在这种结构下,韩国中小企业与台湾中小企业相比,直接与GVC连接,很难提高世界市场参与度或开拓高附加值领域。综合成功进入GVC的台湾和韩国中小企业的事例,可以发现几点启示。第一,虽然有向跨国企业提供配件或通过OEM、ODM承揽海外订单等多种进入GVC的方法,但要想成功实现全球化,必须以中小企业自身的技术力量为基础。RD both suffer from relatively small domestic markets and limited positions in the respective markets。Therefore, the survival of SMEs in both Korea and Taiwan-which take up the largest portion in both economies-depends on their capacity for increased overseas expansion。In today ' s world where the production cycle of companies is becoming increasingly internationalized,the SMEs ' overseas expansion through participation in the global value chains (GVCs) becomes all the more importantDue to the economic recession, the direct exports of SMEs in proportion to the total direct exports are decreasing in both economies。But the complex production cycle of companies indicates that this does not necessarily point to a decrease in SMEs ' overseas competitiveness。This research focused on the fact that actually, many SMEs engage in indirect exporting by participating in value chains of major companies, many SMEs engage in indirect exportingand compared the total exports(including both the direct and indirect exports) of SMEs in Korea and Taiwan。The results showed that while The proportion of indirect exports to total exports in Taiwan SMEs has greatly increased over time, that of Korean SMEs has shown little difference。This has led the total exports of Taiwanese companies to increase while the total exports of Korean SMEs decreased。the changes in the industry structures in the two countries and the changes in the participation rate of SMEs and major companies in GVCs。In the 2000s, the proportion of major companies In the Taiwanese economies grew rapidly, intensifying the relationship between major companies and SMEs,under which SMEs provided for the intermediate goods for exports to major companies。这是practice increased indirect exports of Taiwanese SMEs。On the other hand, in Korea, major company-oriented export structure and vertical integration structure persisted, with no progress in the GVC relations between major companies and SMEs。This meant that the increase in Korea ' s total exports in the 2000s did not lead to an increase in the total exports of Korean SMEs。These characteristics are clearly visible in the two countries ' cellular phone industry。The GVC structure in Korea and Taiwan differs very much in that for Taiwan, SMEs are more directly involved in The GVC than。For SMEs in Korea, where major companies mostly internalized the value chains and are involved directly in the final brand production process, it is not easy For SMEs to engage in GVCsor participate in the global market or a high value-added industry。Looking into the cases of SMEs that have successfully integrated into GVC in both Taiwan and Korea, we can derive several implications。First, although there exist multiple ways to enter GVCs such as supplying parts and components to a multinational company or procuring overseas contracts as OEM or ODM;in order for such trials to succeed, the SME in question must have a solid technological base。长term investment in r&d and research personnel are essential。Second, an active response to the demand is also integral for the company ' s success。The SMEs who did succeed in entering overseas markets, actively respond to The foreign buyers ' needs。Third, active overseas investment strategy is also essential。Another common trait that these SMEs shared was that they all actively sought to build production factories or sales networks in China or Southeast Asia;where they can enjoy multiple benefits including obtaining a new market and low-cost factors of production
뉴노멀 시대 중소기업의 대외경쟁력 제고를 위한 정책과제 연구: 한국과 대만을 중심으로 (Policy Challenges for Supporting the Internationalization of SMEs in the New Normal Era: Focusing on Taiwan's Case )
Korean Abstract: 한국과 대만의 중소기업은 매우 유사한 문제점을 안고 있다. 양국 모두 국내시장이 협소하고, 자국 내 중소기업의 입지가 좁은 편이다. 따라서 양국 기업의 대부분을 차지하는 중소기업의 활로는 해외시장 진출에 있다고 할 수 있다. 특히 기업 생산활동이 국제적으로 다양화되는 상황을 고려할 때 중소기업의 글로벌 가치사슬(GVC) 참여를 통한 해외진출은 매우 중요하다. 수출 데이터로 본 양국 중소기업의 직접수출은 글로벌 금융위기 이후 세계경제 성장이 둔화되는 가운데 전체 수출에서 차지하는 비중이 축소되고 있다.그러나 생산과정이 복잡해진 지금 직접수출비중 축소가 중소기업의 해외 경쟁력 저하를 의미한다고 볼 수는 없다. 본 보고서에서는 많은 중소기업이 대기업 가치사슬을 통해 간접수출을 하고 있음에 주목하고, 이를 포함한 한국과 대만 중소기업의 전체 수출비중을 계산하고 비교하였다. 그 결과 대만 중소기업의 간접수출비중은 크게 증가하고 있는 반면 한국 중소기업의 간접수출비중은 큰변화가 없었다. 이는 대만 중소기업의 전체 수출비중은 증가하지만 한국 중소기업의 전체 수출비중은 하락하는 결과로 이어졌다. 이 결과는 양국의 산업구조 변화와 중소기업과 대기업의 GVC 참여 상황 변화로 설명할 수 있다. 2000년대 대만의 급속한 대기업화는 중소기업이 대기업에 수출용 중간재를 공급하는 구조를 강화하면서 중소기업의 간접수출비중을 늘렸다. 반면 한국은 대기업 위주의 수출구조 및 수직계열화 구조가 계속 유지되면서 중소기업과 대기업 간 GVC 관계가 심화되지 못했기에, 2000년대 총수출 증가가 중소기업 수출비중을 늘리는 방향으로 이어지지 못했다. 휴대폰 산업의 한 · 대만 GVC 참여상황 분석에서도 이러한 특징이 뚜렷이 나타난다. 한국과 대만은 휴대폰 산업의 GVC 참여 형태가 다르다. 한국은 대기업이 가치사슬을 대부분 내부화시켰고 최종 브랜드 생산에 직접 임하고 있지만, 대만은 다수의 중소기업이 중저가 위주의 표준화된 부품분야에서 주로 다국적기업과 가치사슬로 연결되어 있다. 이런 구조하에서 한국 중소기업은 대만 중소기업에 비해서 GVC에 직접 연결되어 세계시장 참여도를 높이거나 고부가가치 영역을 개척하기가 쉽지 않았다. GVC에 성공적으로 진입한 대만과 한국 중소기업의 사례를 종합해보면 몇가지 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 다국적기업에 부품을 납품하거나 OEM, ODM으로 해외 주문을 수주하는 등 다양한 GVC 진입 방법이 있으나, 이런 글로벌화의 성공을 위해서는 중소기업 자체의 기술력이 바탕이 되어야 한다는 것이다. 또 이를 위해서는 RD both suffer from relatively small domestic markets and limited positions in the respective markets.Therefore, the survival of SMEs in both Korea and Taiwan-which take up the largest portion in both economies-depends on their capacity for increased overseas expansion. In today’s world where the production cycle of companies is becoming increasingly internationalized, the SMEs’ overseas expansion through participation in the global value chains (GVCs) becomes all the more important.Due to the economic recession, the direct exports of SMEs in proportion to the total direct exports are decreasing in both economies. But the complex production cycle of companies indicates that this does not necessarily point to a decrease in SMEs’ overseas competitiveness. This research focused on the fact that actually, many SMEs engage in indirect exporting by participating in value chains of major companies, and compared the total exports(including both the direct and indirect exports) of SMEs in Korea and Taiwan. The results showed that while the proportion of indirect exports to total exports in Taiwan SMEs has greatly increased over time, that of Korean SMEs has shown little difference.This has led the total exports of Taiwanese companies to increase while the total exports of Korean SMEs decreased. This phenomenon can be explained by two factors: the changes in the industry structures in the two countries and the changes in the participation rate of SMEs and major companies in GVCs. In the 2000s, the proportion of major companies in the Taiwanese economies grew rapidly, intensifying the relationship between major companies and SMEs, under which SMEs provided for the intermediate goods for exports to major companies. This practice increased indirect exports of Taiwanese SMEs. On the other hand, in Korea, major company-oriented export structure and vertical integration structure persisted, with no progress in the GVC relations between major companies and SMEs.This meant that the increase in Korea’s total exports in the 2000s did not lead to an increase in the total exports of Korean SMEs.These characteristics are clearly visible in the two countries’ cellular phone industry. The GVC structure in Korea and Taiwan differs very much in that for Taiwan, SMEs are more directly involved in the GVC than Korea. For SMEs in Korea, where major companies mostly internalized the value chains and are involved directly in the final brand production process, it is not easy for SMEs to engage in GVCs, or participate in the global market or a high value-added industry.Looking into the cases of SMEs that have successfully integrated into GVC in both Taiwan and Korea, we can derive several implications.First, although there exist multiple ways to enter GVCs such as supplying parts and components to a multinational company or procuring overseas contracts as OEM or ODM, in order for such trials to succeed, the SME in question must have a solid technological base. Long-term investment in R&D and research personnel are essential. Second, an active response to the demand is also integral for the company’s success. The SMEs who did succeed in entering overseas markets, actively respond to the foreign buyers’ needs.Third, active overseas investment strategy is also essential. Another common trait that these SMEs shared was that they all actively sought to build production factories or sales networks in China or Southeast Asia, where they can enjoy multiple benefits including obtaining a new market and low-cost factors of production.Taiwanese cases of SMEs who have successfully integrated into GVCs show that the government’s role in the beginning stage of industrialization is to attract multinational companies by utilizing measures like FDI. Many Taiwanese SME personnel learned technology and garnered experience working at multinational companies, and by utilizing the international network formed during this initial stage, was able to continue the OEM, ODM relations with multinational companies. Also, Taiwan’s government organizations such as Department of Industrial Technology and Ministry of Economic Affairs, actively supported SMEs to develop and construct hightechnology production management systems, and supported companies to enhance R&D capacity and application technology by sharing the results of government-led research projects on basic science. For Korean SMEs, the factors for success also included continued R&D investment, an adequate prediction of the market demand and quick response to the changes, global networking, etc..