Influence of Different Factors on the Resonance Frequency Analysis in Assessment of Implant Stability - Review

Introduction Implant stability is one of the key factors in regard to the successful outcome of implant treatment. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is one of the most commonly used methods in measuring the implant primary and secondary stability. The method is reliable and noninvasive, which makes it suitable at the different stages of the implant treatment. Aim The aim of this review was to establish some of the factors, which could affect the results obtained during RFA. Materials and Methods Articles related to the subject were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles only in English language, published from 1996 to 2019, were included. Variety of keywords in different combinations were used to conduct the search. Results Articles, included in this review described clinical and experimental studies. Few reviews of the literature were added as well. Some of the articles considered RFA as a single method for measuring implant stability, while others described its use in combination with other methods. Bone-related factors, implant surface, diameter, length, as well as the position of the transducer of the device were discussed as factors, which could influence the ISQ values. Conclusion It seems that among the discussed factors, BIC, bone density, implant diameter and the orientation of the transducer demonstrated more distinct relation to the RFA results. The influence of the implant surface modification and implant length on the ISQ values remains controversial.