Colo-renal-duodenal fistula in pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare presentation

Colo-renal fistulas are uncommon presentations in the pediatric population and usually have an underlying insult, which can be vascular, infective, inflammatory, penetrating trauma, tumor, or iatrogenic in postintervention or postoperative procedures. Although few cases of such fistulae are published earlier, there is extreme paucity of literature on colo-renal fistulas in association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A thorough literature search revealed only one similar case report in a 15-year-old patient, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we present another case of a 6-year-old female patient, a known case of T-cell ALL with febrile neutropenia, uncontrolled hypertension, and fever spikes. The patient developed a colo-renal-duodenal fistula subsequent to a vascular and infective insult to the right kidney.