Patterns for Gaining Language as Native Speakers Do: A Pattern Language for Improving Foreign Language Skills when Studying Abroad, Part 2

The paper presents six selected patterns, namely, Sense in the Context, Thorough Rewriting, Vocabulary in Hand, Mode Switching, Improving Pronunciation, and Tongue Exercise, for improving foreign language skills when studying abroad. The pattern language describes effective practices for improving language skills. It comprises 27 patterns, which are classified into three categories, namely, Building the Foundation in an Unfamiliar Language, Gaining Language as Native Speakers Do, and Creating Learning Opportunities. It was developed from interviews conducted with college students and graduates who studied abroad during junior high school and/or high school. The appendix describes the process of creating the pattern language.