Intelsat two-way time transfer experiments between Japan, Korea and Taiwan

This paper describes the first two-way time transfer experiments using Intelsat Ku-band-satellites in eastern Asia performed by Communications Research Laboratory (CRL: Japan), Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS: Korea) and Telecommunication Laboratory (TL: Taiwan) in 1992. The experiments are based on the recommendation of Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) in 1987. Also they are based on the international cooperation program between CRL and KRISS, and institute-level cooperation between CRL and TL. The experiments attained the short-term precision better than 1 ns, which is much better than conventional GPS time transfer. Long-term precision was not so good as short-term one. We discuss the reasons of the long-term instabilities. We can also established the procedures to use Intelsat satellites under the support of Intelsat Headquarters and each countries' common carrier agents.<>