Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Layer Prepared Ultrasonically on Titanium

An inert titanium surface was treated with the BIO treatment (developed by the company Lasak, Ltd.), i.e. its surface area was increased by mechanical and chemical treatment with blasting and exposure to HCl and NaOH. The treated surface was provided with thin layers of calcium phosphate OCP (Octacalcium Phosphate) or ACP (Amorphous Calcium Phosphate) by means of precalcification (using a supersaturated SCS2 solution). In vitro tests in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) under dynamic conditions have shown that precalcified layers have the ability to induce development of HAp (Hydroxyapatite) on the surface much faster than BIO surfaces without such layers. The OCP crystals are well adhesive but cytotoxicity tests have shown that a bioactive layer prepared in this manner is slightly toxic. The ACP prepared ultrasonically is incorporated directly into the TiO2 gel and thus does not increase implant’s dimension and moreover ACP is not toxic (confirmed by cytotoxicity tests).