The Possible Protective Effect of Galantamine against Paracetamol Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rats

Paracetamol (PCM) is a pain reliever that is also used as an antipyretic and an analgesic after surgery. Overdoses, such as those used in suicide attempts or unintentional mishaps, can produce hepatotoxicity, which can result in rapid liver failure and renal necrosis. Galantamine (GAL) is a reversible and competitive cholinesterase inhibitor that is used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other memory-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of GAL (0.3 mg/kg P.O) for successive 28 days against PCM (2 g/kg BW P.O) toxicity on day 29 of the experiment. At day 30, blood samples were collected for evaluation of liver function such as serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and kidney function (urea and creatinine). The obtained results revealed that GAL decreased the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine and improved the protein profile in comparison with PCM treated group. In conclusion, GAL had a protective effect against PCM toxicity by improving liver and kidney function against hepatic and renal toxicity induced by PCM in rats.