用计算机算法检测新生儿癫痫。

A. Temko, G. Lightbody
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引用次数: 25

摘要

现在人们普遍认为脑电图是准确检测新生儿癫痫发作的唯一可靠方法,因此,在新生儿重症监护病房中越来越多地采用长时间脑电图监测。长时间的脑电图记录可能持续几个小时到几天。由于神经生理学家在非社交时间并不总是可以检查脑电图,因此迫切需要开发一种可靠且强大的自动癫痫检测方法-一种可以获取脑电图信号,处理它并输出信息以支持临床决策的计算机算法。在本研究中,我们回顾了基于如何利用相关缉获信息的现有算法。我们从常用的方法开始提取癫痫信号的特征,从那些模仿临床神经生理学家到那些利用新生儿脑电图生成的数学模型。本文回顾了基于一组规则和阈值的常用分类方法,这些规则和阈值要么是启发式调整的,要么是自动从数据中派生的。接下来是使用有关时空发作背景信息的技术。讨论了系统设计和验证中常见的错误。目前临床决策支持工具已满足监管要求,可用于检测新生儿癫痫发作的进展进行了审查,并概述了突出的挑战。这篇综述讨论了目前关于新生儿癫痫发作自动检测的技术现状。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Detecting Neonatal Seizures With Computer Algorithms.
It is now generally accepted that EEG is the only reliable way to accurately detect newborn seizures and, as such, prolonged EEG monitoring is increasingly being adopted in neonatal intensive care units. Long EEG recordings may last from several hours to a few days. With neurophysiologists not always available to review the EEG during unsociable hours, there is a pressing need to develop a reliable and robust automatic seizure detection method-a computer algorithm that can take the EEG signal, process it, and output information that supports clinical decision making. In this study, we review existing algorithms based on how the relevant seizure information is exploited. We start with commonly used methods to extract signatures from seizure signals that range from those that mimic the clinical neurophysiologist to those that exploit mathematical models of neonatal EEG generation. Commonly used classification methods are reviewed that are based on a set of rules and thresholds that are either heuristically tuned or automatically derived from the data. These are followed by techniques to use information about spatiotemporal seizure context. The usual errors in system design and validation are discussed. Current clinical decision support tools that have met regulatory requirements and are available to detect neonatal seizures are reviewed with progress and the outstanding challenges are outlined. This review discusses the current state of the art regarding automatic detection of neonatal seizures.
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