克里米亚后古代农业景观中的土地管理基础设施

F. Lisetskii, Z. Buryak, E. Zelenskaya
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在克里米亚的许多地区,发现了这种浮雕的古代扩展显微形态。这些微形态是可耕地上的地面水利工程结构的类似物,用于调节地表径流和控制侵蚀危险农业景观中侵蚀过程的强度。文章介绍了克里米亚西北部古代考古遗址(农民和牧民的定居点)附近古代土地管理和土地利用的综合研究结果。在克里米亚古代农业地区发现的树木和沟渠形式的土地使用的遗留元素是由于分配区域内土壤处理的农业技术特征和通过创建地块的外部边界来确保土地使用者的权利而形成的。利用遥感数据和实地方法确定了古代土地测量系统的基本要素。建立了多年生人工林和作物土地分配的土壤耕作特征。土壤理化特征表明,后古景观的边缘脊是未开垦的。利用详细的大地测量结果,首次获得了不同类型土方结构的通用形态参数。利用遥感数据和野外方法,确定了古代土地调查系统的拓扑结构,并识别了多年生人工林和粮食作物土地分配的土壤耕作特征。根据形态参数对测量壁垒进行分类,确定了三种主要类型,这决定了其创建技术的进一步重建前景。根据土壤年代学评估的结果,确定测量系统与古代土地管理时期(公元前4世纪-公元1世纪)有关。土地利用方面的适应性决策在一定程度上执行了“地理学”原则,在现代土地管理项目中建立监管边界(耕地上的地下水水工结构)和古代农业实践中都有相似之处。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Infrastructure of Land Management in the Post–Antique Agrolandscapes of Crimea
Ancient extended microforms of the relief are widely represented in a number of regions of the Crimea, where post-agricultural landscapes are found. These microforms are analogues of ground hydraulic engineering structures on arable land, which are used for the purposes of regulating surface runoff of water and controlling the intensity of erosion processes in erosion hazardous agro landscapes. The results of comprehensive studies of ancient land management and land use near the archaeological sites (settlements of farmers and pastoralists) of ancient times in the North-Western Crimea are presented in the article. Relict elements of land use in the form of trees and ditches, which were found in the ancient agricultural regions of the Crimea, are formed as a result of agrotechnical features of soil treatment within the allotments and by creating external borders of land plots to secure the rights of land users. The infrastructural elements of the antique land surveying systems were identified using remote sensing data and field methods. Features of soil cultivation in land allotments for perennial plantations and crops have been established. The physicochemical features of the soils showed that the marginal ridges in the post-ancient landscapes were uncultivated. Using the results of a detailed geodetic survey, the universal morphometric parameters of earth structures of various types were first obtained. With the help of remote sensing data and field methods was determined the topological structure of antique land surveying systems, and also were identified features of soil cultivation in land allotments for perennial plantations and grain crops. The classification of surveying rampart by their morphometric parameters has established three main types, which determines the prospects for further reconstruction of the technologies for their creation. According to the results of soilchronological assessments, it was determined that surveying systems relate to the period of ancient land management (IV century BC – I century AD). Adaptive decisions in land use, which to some extent implement the principles of “geonics”, have a similarity both in creating regulatory boundaries (groundwater hydraulic structures on arable land) in modern land management projects, and in ancient agricultural practices.
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