汽车燃料转换的生态效益与经济问题

V. Karginova-Gubinova
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摘要

汽车燃料市场引起了许多参与者的高度兴趣。本研究的目的是全面确定某些汽车燃料分配的环境可行性和存在的经济问题,确定燃料转型利益相关者及其对市场持续结构变化的影响。这项研究使用了有关汽车和某些燃料受欢迎程度的统计数据,以及汽车制造商的会计和库存指标。采用计量经济学方法、金融统计方法;进行了监管影响分析和监管法律行为的内容分析。在工作过程中,对不同类型汽车燃料的消费特性、环境特性和经济特性进行了系统分析。报告显示,无论是过去还是现在,对环境比较友好的燃料和对环境比较不友好的燃料的流行主要是由行动者的主要经济利益而不是环境利益来解释的。揭示了燃料领域利益协调的复杂性,以及利益联盟对市场的机会主义影响的可能性逐渐受到限制。提出了运输环境标准调整的方向、措施和工具,以增加某些替代燃料的普及和减少个人汽车的利用,并特别注意到俄罗斯市场的具体情况。这项研究的新颖之处在于对环境可行性、分配趋势和与汽车燃料有关的现有问题的定义,同时考虑到各国的广泛回顾、自然、气候和社会经济特点。理论意义在于确定环境和经济利益在过去和正在进行的燃料转换中的作用。具有实用价值的建议是解决现有的环境问题和确保世界特别是俄罗斯的燃料过渡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ecological Expediency and Economic Problems of the Fuel Transition of Cars
The vehicle fuel market are of high interest to many actors. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively identify the environmental feasibility and existing economic problems in the distribution of certain automobile fuels, to identify the fuel transition stakeholders and their influence on ongoing structural changes in the market. The study uses statistical data on the popularity of vehicles and certain fuels, as well as accounting and stock indicators of car manufacturers. Econometric methods, methods of financial statistics were used; regulatory impact analysis and content analysis of regulatory legal acts were carried out. In the course of the work, consumer, environmental and economic characteristics of different types of automobile fuel are systematized. It is shown that the prevalence of both more and less environmentally friendly fuels, both in the past and in the present, is explained primarily by the dominant economic interests of the actors rather than environmental ones. The complexity of coordination of interests in the fuel sphere and the gradual limitation of the possibility of opportunistic influence on the market of coalitions of interests are revealed. The directions of environmental standards adjustment for transport, measures and tools to increase the popularity of certain alternative fuels and reduce the exploitation of personal cars are proposed, with special attention paid to the specifics of the Russian market. The novelty of the study are the definition of environmental feasibility, distribution trends and existing problems associated with automotive fuels, taking into account a broad retrospective, natural and climatic and socio-economic characteristics of countries. Theoretical significance lies in identifying the role of environmental and economic interests in the past and ongoing fuel transitions. Of practical value are recommendations for solving existing environmental problems and ensuring the fuel transition in the world and the Russia, in particular.
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