玄幻小说中乌克兰语隐喻翻译的特点

Юлія Ігорівна Сидоренко
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摘要

本文主要分析了小说隐喻翻译的特点,特别是奇幻小说隐喻翻译的特点。隐喻具有普遍性、概念性、系统性等特征。根据时间和空间指标,分析了隐喻类型的分类,即本体隐喻、方位隐喻和结构隐喻。介绍了隐喻翻译的主要方法:全译、加/省略、替换、结构转换、传统照搬、隐喻平行命名等。以英语和乌克兰语为例,列举了隐喻翻译的假设条件:1)定语功能中的隐喻在英语中比在乌克兰语中更有特点;2)乌克兰语中的短语隐喻比英语中更多;3)概念隐喻在英语和乌克兰语中可以通过结构不同的对等物来表达;4)不同语言中隐喻对等物的句法功能和词汇结构差异会促使译者采用语义调节,特别是描述性翻译。在文章的下一部分,本文列举了史蒂芬·金小说中的隐喻实例,并对隐喻进行了重点分析,然后按照目的性、方向性和结构性的原则进行了划分。对于每种类型,分析了翻译方法并提供了注释。因此,本体论隐喻的翻译主要采用替代、省略、补充、全译、传统照搬和结构转换等方法。为了再现结构隐喻,译者选择了替代、省略、补充、全译、传统照搬、结构转换、词汇成分替换等方法。定向隐喻通过替换词性成分、增减、全译、结构转换、传统照旧等方式再现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PECULIARITIES OF THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION OF METAPHORS IN THE FANTASY NOVEL GENRE
The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of metaphor translation in fiction, in particular in a fantasy novel. Characteristic features of metaphor are considered, namely universality, conceptuality, systematicity. The classification of metaphor types according to the time and space indicator is analyzed, namely ontological metaphor, orientational metaphor, and structural metaphor. The main methods of metaphor translation are given – full translation, addition / omission, replacement, structural transformation, traditional accordance, parallel naming of metaphoricality. Hypothesesconditions for the translation of metaphors are listed on the example of English and Ukrainian languages: 1) metaphors in the attributive function are more characteristic for English than for Ukrainian; 2) phrasal metaphors are more numerous in Ukrainian than in English; 3) conceptual metaphors can be represented in English and Ukrainian by structurally different equivalents and 4) syntactic-functional and lexical-structural differences of metaphorical equivalents in different languages can prompt the translator to resort to semantic modulation or, in particular, descriptive translation. In the next part of the article, examples of metaphors from Stephen King's novel are presented, and metaphors are highlighted, then divided according to the principle of otological, orientational and structural. For each type, translation methods are analyzed and a comment is provided. Thus, ontological metaphors were translated using substitution, omission, addition, full translation, traditional accordance, and structural transformation. To reproduce structural metaphors, the translator chose to use substitution, omission, addition, full translation, the method of traditional accordance, structural transformation, replacement of a lexical component. Orientation metaphors were reproduction by replacing a lexical component, addition and omission, full translation, structural transformation, traditional accordance.
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