A Literature Review of Patient-related Risk Factors for Late Implant Failure

Abstract: Short-term outcome of dental implants is predictable, but variable long-term results are noticed. Cluster effect of implant failure had been reported in previous studies and many patient-related risk factors have been claimed to be associated with implant failure. This review was investigated the correlation between patient-related factors and late implant failure, and further provide a preview of potential risk indicators in late implant failure for clinicians. Regarding to current evidences, history of periodontitis does have negative effects on implant survival, but comparable results can still be obtained after intensive periodontal treatment and maintenance. The direct cause-and-effect of smoking habit and late implant failure can still not be determined. Well-controlled Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients present comparable long-term outcomes. Moreover, some moderate-controlled DM (HbA1c = 7.2 – 10.0%) patients can still benefit from implant therapy under limited risk. Most of the studies suggest that implants in bruxers may have higher chance of mechanical complication. The negative effects of radiotherapy (RT) are related to its dose, interval between implantation and damage of salivary gland. Incorporating oral rehabilitation plan before RT may provide better outcomes. Lastly, poor compliance to supportive implant treatment (SIT) is significantly related to peri-implant bone loss, increasing probing depths and eventually implant failure. Before implant therapy, we should pay more attention about patient’s condition and further make comprehensive treatment plan for long-term success. Check DM patient’s blood sugar and consult physical doctor before surgery. Incorporate oral rehabilitation plan before RT to cancer patient and communicate with cancer physician. Suggest patient quit smoking and consult specialist for management bruxism condition. Lastly, keeping SIT program is important in implant patients, especially with history of periodontitis.