Simulating solutions of linear differential equations using various active circuits

Mathematical equations are possible to simulate with various electronic circuits. Inductors and capacitors intrinsically are capable of integrating and differentiating, and active components alone can realize such algebraic operations as addition and multiplication. In this work, linear differential equations are shown to be implemented with three active components, namely operational amplifiers(Opamp), operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA), and current conveyors (CC). An examplary circuit is simulated in SPICE medium and results are observed to be in good agreement with theory.