危险品运输过程中驾驶员功能状态的变化

M. Afonin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

交通安全中的人为因素研究是一个相对年轻的科学领域,在大众汽车出现之前几十年就开始发展。交通心理学和心理生理学的起源主要是为了创造更舒适和安全的驾驶条件,由于高速公路的设计。随着时间的推移,有必要考虑司机的工作条件,即车辆的人体工程学。最新的作品已经考虑到以往的经验,并考虑了货运和客运技术过程的问题,包括人为因素。在前人的研究对象和课题中,考虑了不同工效特性的车辆和不同载客量的公交车的驾驶过程,建立了一种规划实验的案例矩阵。当涉及到卡车时,案例矩阵变得更大,因为车辆的人体工程学和动态特征增加了更广泛的货物和卡车类型专业化。在这种情况下,最重要的问题是确定道路条件影响驾驶员的功能状态,从事危险品运输,这是本文的目的。本研究采用实地调查的方法,建立高速公路交通流数值;确定道路通行能力价值的内部研究方法;电生理方法来确定驾驶员功能状况的变化。根据路况复杂程度对路况进行分类,根据驾驶员的心理素质和专业素质对驾驶员进行区分。危险品(二类风险)运输过程中不同年龄、不同社会群体驾驶员功能状态变化的实验研究主要结果表明:交通条件对驾驶员功能状态的影响分析显示,不同类型的神经系统和不同年龄/工作经验的人的心理-情绪压力变化动态不同;
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Change of drivers’ functional condition during dangerous goods transportation
The study of the human factors in traffic safety is a relatively young scientific field that began to develop several decades before the mass car advent. The origins of transport psychology and psychophysiology were mostly aimed at creating more comfortable and safe driving conditions due to the design of highways. Over time, there was a need to take into account drivers working conditions, namely the ergonomics of vehicles. The latest works have already taken into account previous experience and considered the issues of freight and passenger transportation technological processes, including the human factor. Among the objects and subjects of research in previous works were considered the processes of driving vehicles with different ergonomic characteristics and buses of different capacities, which created a kind of case matrix for planning experiments. When it comes to trucks, the matrix of cases became much larger, as the set of ergonomic and dynamic features of vehicles adds a much wider set of specialization of cargo and truck types. In this case, the most important issue is to determine the road conditions impact the driver's functional condition, engaged in the transport of dangerous goods, which is the purpose of this article. The research used: methods of field survey to establish the values of traffic flow on highways; methods of in-house research to determine the value of road capacity; electrophysiological methods to determine changes in the driver's functional condition. The article describes the typing of road conditions according to their complexity, as well as the differentiation of drivers according to their psychological and professional qualities. Experimental studies of changes in driver's functional state of different age and socionic groups with different road conditions complexity, during dangerous goods transportation (second class of risk). The main results indicate that the analysis of traffic conditions' impact on the driver's functional state shows different dynamics of psycho-emotional stress change for people characterized by certain types of the nervous system and the ratio of their age to work experience.
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