Using nature elements in mobile AR for education with children

We present a concept, prototype and in-the-wild evaluation of a mobile augmented reality (AR) application in which physical items from nature are used as AR markers. By blending the physical and digital, AR technology has the potential to create an enhanced learning experience compared to paper-based solutions and conventional mobile applications. Our prototype, an application running on a tablet computer, uses natural markers such as leaves and pinecones in a game-like nature quiz. The system was evaluated using interviews with and observations of 6- to 12-year-old children (n=11) who played the game as well as focus group discussions with play club counsellors (n=4) and primary school teachers (n=7). Our salient findings suggest that the concept has sound potential in its mixture of physical activity and educational elements in an outdoor context. In particular, teachers found the use of natural objects to be an appealing approach and a factor contributing to the learning experience.