A Fixed-Point Algorithm for Automated Static Detection of Infinite Loops

We present an algorithm for automated detection of infinite loop bugs in programs. It relies on a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver backend and can be run conveniently with SMT-constrained symbolic execution. The algorithm detects infinite loop bugs for single-path, multi-path and nested loops. We prove soundness of the algorithm, i.e. There are no false positive detections of infinite loops. Part of the algorithm is a fixed-point based termination check for 'simple' loops, whose soundness is a consequence of Brouwer's fixed-point theorem. The algorithm further yields no false negative detections for context-sensitive detection of periodic loop orbits with sum of prefix iterations and periodicity of up to the analysis loop unroll depth (bounded completeness), if the SMT solver answers the fixed-point satisfiability query in time. We describe an example implementation as plug-in extension of Eclipse CDT. The implementation is validated with the infinite loop test cases from the Juliet test suite and benchmarks are provided.